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https://github.com/sigmasternchen/php-doc-en
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git-svn-id: https://svn.php.net/repository/phpdoc/en/trunk@185116 c90b9560-bf6c-de11-be94-00142212c4b1
840 lines
23 KiB
XML
840 lines
23 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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<!-- $Revision: 1.10 $ -->
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<sect1 id="language.oop5.reflection">
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<title>Reflection</title>
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<sect2 id="language.oop5.reflection.introduction">
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>
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PHP 5 comes with a complete reflection API that adds the ability to
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reverse-engineer classes, interfaces, functions and methods as well
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as extensions. Additionally, the reflection API also offers ways of
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retrieving doc comments for functions, classes and methods.
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</para>
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<para>
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The reflection API is an object-oriented extension to the Zend Engine,
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consisting of the following classes:
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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class Reflection { }
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interface Reflector { }
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class ReflectionException extends Exception { }
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class ReflectionFunction implements Reflector { }
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class ReflectionParameter implements Reflector { }
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class ReflectionMethod extends ReflectionFunction { }
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class ReflectionClass implements Reflector { }
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class ReflectionObject extends ReflectionClass { }
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class ReflectionProperty implements Reflector { }
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class ReflectionExtension implements Reflector { }
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</informalexample>
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<note>
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<simpara>
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For details on these classes, have a look at the next chapters.
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</simpara>
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</note>
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<para>
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If we were to execute the code in the example below:
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<example>
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<title>Basic usage of the reflection API</title>
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<programlisting role='php'>
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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Reflection::export(new ReflectionClass('Exception'));
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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Class [ <internal> class Exception ] {
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- Constants [0] {
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}
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- Static properties [0] {
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}
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- Static methods [0] {
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}
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- Properties [6] {
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Property [ <default> protected $message ]
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Property [ <default> private $string ]
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Property [ <default> protected $code ]
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Property [ <default> protected $file ]
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Property [ <default> protected $line ]
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Property [ <default> private $trace ]
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}
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- Methods [9] {
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Method [ <internal> final private method __clone ] {
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}
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Method [ <internal> <ctor> public method __construct ] {
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- Parameters [2] {
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Parameter #0 [ <required> $message ]
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Parameter #1 [ <required> $code ]
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}
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}
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Method [ <internal> final public method getMessage ] {
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}
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Method [ <internal> final public method getCode ] {
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}
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Method [ <internal> final public method getFile ] {
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}
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Method [ <internal> final public method getLine ] {
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}
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Method [ <internal> final public method getTrace ] {
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}
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Method [ <internal> final public method getTraceAsString ] {
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}
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Method [ <internal> public method __toString ] {
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}
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}
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}
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]]>
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</screen>
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</example>
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="language.oop5.reflection.reflectionfunction">
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<title><classname>ReflectionFunction</classname></title>
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<para>
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The <classname>ReflectionFunction</classname> class lets you
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reverse-engineer functions.
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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class ReflectionFunction implements Reflector
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{
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final private __clone()
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public object __construct(string name)
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public string __toString()
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public static string export()
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public string getName()
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public bool isInternal()
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public bool isUserDefined()
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public string getFileName()
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public int getStartLine()
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public int getEndLine()
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public string getDocComment()
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public array getStaticVariables()
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public mixed invoke(mixed* args)
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public mixed invokeArgs(array args)
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public bool returnsReference()
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public ReflectionParameter[] getParameters()
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public int getNumberOfParameters()
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public int getNumberOfRequiredParameters()
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}
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</informalexample>
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<note>
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<simpara>
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<function>invokeArgs</function> was added in PHP 5.1.0.
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</simpara>
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</note>
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<para>
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To introspect a function, you will first have to create an instance
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of the <classname>ReflectionFunction</classname> class. You can then call
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any of the above methods on this instance.
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</para>
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<example>
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<title>Using the <classname>ReflectionFunction</classname> class</title>
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<programlisting role='php'>
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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/**
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* A simple counter
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*
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* @return int
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*/
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function counter()
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{
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static $c = 0;
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return $c++;
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}
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// Create an instance of the Reflection_Function class
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$func = new ReflectionFunction('counter');
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// Print out basic information
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printf(
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"===> The %s function '%s'\n".
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" declared in %s\n".
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" lines %d to %d\n",
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$func->isInternal() ? 'internal' : 'user-defined',
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$func->getName(),
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$func->getFileName(),
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$func->getStartLine(),
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$func->getEndline()
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);
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// Print documentation comment
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printf("---> Documentation:\n %s\n", var_export($func->getDocComment(), 1));
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// Print static variables if existant
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if ($statics = $func->getStaticVariables())
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{
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printf("---> Static variables: %s\n", var_export($statics, 1));
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}
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// Invoke the function
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printf("---> Invokation results in: ");
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var_dump($func->invoke());
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// you may prefer to use the export() method
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echo "\nReflectionFunction::export() results:\n";
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echo ReflectionFunction::export('counter');
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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<note>
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<simpara>
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The method <function>invoke</function> accepts a variable number of
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arguments which are passed to the function just as in
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<function>call_user_func</function>.
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</simpara>
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</note>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="language.oop5.reflection.reflectionparameter">
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<title><classname>ReflectionParameter</classname></title>
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<para>
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The <classname>ReflectionParameter</classname> class retrieves
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information about a function's or method's parameters.
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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class ReflectionParameter implements Reflector
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{
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final private __clone()
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public object __construct(string name)
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public string __toString()
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public static string export()
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public string getName()
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public bool isPassedByReference()
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public ReflectionClass getClass()
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public bool allowsNull()
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public bool isOptional()
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public bool isDefaultValueAvailable()
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public mixed getDefaultValue()
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}
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</informalexample>
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<note>
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<para>
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<function>getDefaultValue</function>,
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<function>isDefaultValueAvailable</function>,
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<function>isOptional</function> were added in PHP 5.1.0.
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</para>
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</note>
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<para>
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To introspect function parameters, you will first have to create an instance
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of the <classname>ReflectionFunction</classname> or
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<classname>ReflectionMethod</classname> classes and then use their
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<function>getParameters</function> method to retrieve an array of parameters.
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</para>
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<example>
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<title>Using the <classname>ReflectionParameter</classname> class</title>
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<programlisting role='php'>
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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function foo($a, $b, $c) { }
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function bar(Exception $a, &$b, $c) { }
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function baz(ReflectionFunction $a, $b = 1, $c = null) { }
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function abc() { }
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// Create an instance of Reflection_Function with the
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// parameter given from the command line.
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$reflect = new ReflectionFunction($argv[1]);
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echo $reflect;
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foreach ($reflect->getParameters() as $i => $param) {
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printf(
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"-- Parameter #%d: %s {\n".
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" Class: %s\n".
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" Allows NULL: %s\n".
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" Passed to by reference: %s\n".
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" Is optional?: %s\n".
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"}\n",
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$i,
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$param->getName(),
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var_export($param->getClass(), 1),
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var_export($param->allowsNull(), 1),
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var_export($param->isPassedByReference(), 1),
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$param->isOptional() ? 'yes' : 'no'
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);
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}
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="language.oop5.reflection.reflectionclass">
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<title><classname>ReflectionClass</classname></title>
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<para>
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The <classname>ReflectionClass</classname> class lets
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you reverse-engineer classes.
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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class ReflectionClass implements Reflector
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{
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final private __clone()
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public object __construct(string name)
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public string __toString()
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public static string export()
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public string getName()
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public bool isInternal()
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public bool isUserDefined()
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public bool isInstantiable()
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public bool hasConstant(string name)
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public bool hasMethod(string name)
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public bool hasProperty(string name)
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public string getFileName()
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public int getStartLine()
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public int getEndLine()
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public string getDocComment()
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public ReflectionMethod getConstructor()
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public ReflectionMethod getMethod(string name)
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public ReflectionMethod[] getMethods()
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public ReflectionProperty getProperty(string name)
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public ReflectionProperty[] getProperties()
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public array getConstants()
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public mixed getConstant(string name)
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public ReflectionClass[] getInterfaces()
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public bool isInterface()
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public bool isAbstract()
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public bool isFinal()
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public int getModifiers()
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public bool isInstance(stdclass object)
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public stdclass newInstance(mixed* args)
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public ReflectionClass getParentClass()
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public bool isSubclassOf(ReflectionClass class)
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public array getStaticProperties()
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public array getDefaultProperties()
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public bool isIterateable()
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public bool implementsInterface(string name)
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public ReflectionExtension getExtension()
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public string getExtensionName()
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}
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</informalexample>
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<note>
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<simpara>
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<function>hasConstant</function>, <function>hasMethod</function>,
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<function>hasProperty</function> were added in PHP 5.1.0.
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</simpara>
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</note>
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<para>
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To introspect a class, you will first have to create an instance
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of the <classname>ReflectionClass</classname> class. You can then
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call any of the above methods on this instance.
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</para>
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<example>
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<title>Using the <classname>ReflectionClass</classname> class</title>
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<programlisting role='php'>
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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interface Serializable
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{
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// ...
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}
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class Object
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{
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// ...
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}
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/**
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* A counter class
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*/
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class Counter extends Object implements Serializable
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{
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const START = 0;
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private static $c = Counter::START;
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/**
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* Invoke counter
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*
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* @access public
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* @return int
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*/
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public function count() {
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return self::$c++;
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}
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}
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// Create an instance of the ReflectionClass class
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$class = new ReflectionClass('Counter');
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// Print out basic information
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printf(
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"===> The %s%s%s %s '%s' [extends %s]\n" .
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" declared in %s\n" .
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" lines %d to %d\n" .
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" having the modifiers %d [%s]\n",
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$class->isInternal() ? 'internal' : 'user-defined',
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$class->isAbstract() ? ' abstract' : '',
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$class->isFinal() ? ' final' : '',
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$class->isInterface() ? 'interface' : 'class',
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$class->getName(),
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var_export($class->getParentClass(), 1),
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$class->getFileName(),
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$class->getStartLine(),
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$class->getEndline(),
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$class->getModifiers(),
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implode(' ', Reflection::getModifierNames($class->getModifiers()))
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);
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// Print documentation comment
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printf("---> Documentation:\n %s\n", var_export($class->getDocComment(), 1));
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// Print which interfaces are implemented by this class
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printf("---> Implements:\n %s\n", var_export($class->getInterfaces(), 1));
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// Print class constants
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printf("---> Constants: %s\n", var_export($class->getConstants(), 1));
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// Print class properties
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printf("---> Properties: %s\n", var_export($class->getProperties(), 1));
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// Print class methods
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printf("---> Methods: %s\n", var_export($class->getMethods(), 1));
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// If this class is instantiable, create an instance
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if ($class->isInstantiable()) {
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$counter = $class->newInstance();
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echo '---> $counter is instance? ';
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echo $class->isInstance($counter) ? 'yes' : 'no';
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echo "\n---> new Object() is instance? ";
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echo $class->isInstance(new Object()) ? 'yes' : 'no';
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}
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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<note>
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<simpara>
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The method <function>newInstance</function> accepts a variable number of
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arguments which are passed to the function just as in
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<function>call_user_func</function>.
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</simpara>
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</note>
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<note>
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<simpara>
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<literal>$class = new ReflectionClass('Foo'); $class->isInstance($arg)</literal>
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is equivalent to <literal>$arg instanceof Foo</literal> or
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<literal>is_a($arg, 'Foo')</literal>.
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</simpara>
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</note>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="language.oop5.reflection.reflectionmethod">
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<title><classname>ReflectionMethod</classname></title>
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<para>
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The <classname>ReflectionMethod</classname> class lets you
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reverse-engineer class methods.
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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class ReflectionMethod extends ReflectionFunction
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{
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public __construct(mixed class, string name)
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public string __toString()
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public static string export()
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public mixed invoke(stdclass object, mixed* args)
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public moxed invokeArgs(stdclass object, array args)
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public bool isFinal()
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public bool isAbstract()
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public bool isPublic()
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public bool isPrivate()
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public bool isProtected()
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public bool isStatic()
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public bool isConstructor()
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public bool isDestructor()
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public int getModifiers()
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public ReflectionClass getDeclaringClass()
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// Inherited from ReflectionFunction
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final private __clone()
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public string getName()
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public bool isInternal()
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public bool isUserDefined()
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public string getFileName()
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public int getStartLine()
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public int getEndLine()
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public string getDocComment()
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public array getStaticVariables()
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public bool returnsReference()
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public ReflectionParameter[] getParameters()
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public int getNumberOfParameters()
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public int getNumberOfRequiredParameters()
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}
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</informalexample>
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<para>
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To introspect a method, you will first have to create an instance
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of the <classname>ReflectionMethod</classname> class. You can then call
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any of the above methods on this instance.
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</para>
|
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<example>
|
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<title>Using the <classname>ReflectionMethod</classname> class</title>
|
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<programlisting role='php'>
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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class Counter
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{
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private static $c = 0;
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/**
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* Increment counter
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*
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* @final
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* @static
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* @access public
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* @return int
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*/
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final public static function increment()
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{
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return ++self::$c;
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}
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}
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// Create an instance of the Reflection_Method class
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$method = new ReflectionMethod('Counter', 'increment');
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// Print out basic information
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printf(
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"===> The %s%s%s%s%s%s%s method '%s' (which is %s)\n" .
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" declared in %s\n" .
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" lines %d to %d\n" .
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" having the modifiers %d[%s]\n",
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$method->isInternal() ? 'internal' : 'user-defined',
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$method->isAbstract() ? ' abstract' : '',
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$method->isFinal() ? ' final' : '',
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$method->isPublic() ? ' public' : '',
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$method->isPrivate() ? ' private' : '',
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$method->isProtected() ? ' protected' : '',
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$method->isStatic() ? ' static' : '',
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$method->getName(),
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$method->isConstructor() ? 'the constructor' : 'a regular method',
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$method->getFileName(),
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$method->getStartLine(),
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$method->getEndline(),
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$method->getModifiers(),
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implode(' ', Reflection::getModifierNames($method->getModifiers()))
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);
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// Print documentation comment
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printf("---> Documentation:\n %s\n", var_export($method->getDocComment(), 1));
|
|
|
|
// Print static variables if existant
|
|
if ($statics= $method->getStaticVariables()) {
|
|
printf("---> Static variables: %s\n", var_export($statics, 1));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Invoke the method
|
|
printf("---> Invokation results in: ");
|
|
var_dump($method->invoke(NULL));
|
|
?>
|
|
]]>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<simpara>
|
|
Trying to invoke private, protected or abstract methods will result
|
|
in an exception being thrown from the <function>invoke</function>
|
|
method.
|
|
</simpara>
|
|
</note>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<simpara>
|
|
For static methods as seen above, you should pass NULL as the first
|
|
argument to <function>invoke</function>. For non-static methods, pass
|
|
an instance of the class.
|
|
</simpara>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 id="language.oop5.reflection.reflectionproperty">
|
|
<title><classname>ReflectionProperty</classname></title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <classname>ReflectionProperty</classname> class lets you
|
|
reverse-engineer class properties.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<informalexample>
|
|
<programlisting role="php">
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|
<?php
|
|
class ReflectionProperty implements Reflector
|
|
{
|
|
final private __clone()
|
|
public __construct(mixed class, string name)
|
|
public string __toString()
|
|
public static string export()
|
|
public string getName()
|
|
public bool isPublic()
|
|
public bool isPrivate()
|
|
public bool isProtected()
|
|
public bool isStatic()
|
|
public bool isDefault()
|
|
public int getModifiers()
|
|
public mixed getValue(stdclass object)
|
|
public void setValue(stdclass object, mixed value)
|
|
public ReflectionClass getDeclaringClass()
|
|
public string getDocComment()
|
|
}
|
|
?>
|
|
]]>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</informalexample>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<simpara>
|
|
<function>getDocComment</function> was added in PHP 5.1.0.
|
|
</simpara>
|
|
</note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To introspect a property, you will first have to create an instance
|
|
of the <classname>ReflectionProperty</classname> class. You can then
|
|
call any of the above methods on this instance.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Using the <classname>ReflectionProperty</classname> class</title>
|
|
<programlisting role='php'>
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|
<?php
|
|
class String
|
|
{
|
|
public $length = 5;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Create an instance of the ReflectionProperty class
|
|
$prop = new ReflectionProperty('String', 'length');
|
|
|
|
// Print out basic information
|
|
printf(
|
|
"===> The%s%s%s%s property '%s' (which was %s)\n" .
|
|
" having the modifiers %s\n",
|
|
$prop->isPublic() ? ' public' : '',
|
|
$prop->isPrivate() ? ' private' : '',
|
|
$prop->isProtected() ? ' protected' : '',
|
|
$prop->isStatic() ? ' static' : '',
|
|
$prop->getName(),
|
|
$prop->isDefault() ? 'declared at compile-time' : 'created at run-time',
|
|
var_export(Reflection::getModifierNames($prop->getModifiers()), 1)
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
// Create an instance of String
|
|
$obj= new String();
|
|
|
|
// Get current value
|
|
printf("---> Value is: ");
|
|
var_dump($prop->getValue($obj));
|
|
|
|
// Change value
|
|
$prop->setValue($obj, 10);
|
|
printf("---> Setting value to 10, new value is: ");
|
|
var_dump($prop->getValue($obj));
|
|
|
|
// Dump object
|
|
var_dump($obj);
|
|
?>
|
|
]]>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<simpara>
|
|
Trying to get or set private or protected class property's values
|
|
will result in an exception being thrown.
|
|
</simpara>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 id="language.oop5.reflection.reflectionextension">
|
|
<title><classname>ReflectionExtension</classname></title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <classname>ReflectionExtension</classname> class lets you
|
|
reverse-engineer extensions. You can retrieve all loaded extensions
|
|
at runtime using the <function>get_loaded_extensions</function>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<informalexample>
|
|
<programlisting role="php">
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|
<?php
|
|
class ReflectionExtension implements Reflector {
|
|
final private __clone()
|
|
public __construct(string name)
|
|
public string __toString()
|
|
public static string export()
|
|
public string getName()
|
|
public string getVersion()
|
|
public ReflectionFunction[] getFunctions()
|
|
public array getConstants()
|
|
public array getINIEntries()
|
|
public ReflectionClass[] getClasses()
|
|
public array getClassNames()
|
|
}
|
|
?>
|
|
]]>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</informalexample>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To introspect an extension, you will first have to create an instance
|
|
of the <classname>ReflectionExtension</classname> class. You can then call
|
|
any of the above methods on this instance.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Using the <classname>ReflectionExtension</classname> class</title>
|
|
<programlisting role='php'>
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|
<?php
|
|
// Create an instance of the ReflectionProperty class
|
|
$ext = new ReflectionExtension('standard');
|
|
|
|
// Print out basic information
|
|
printf(
|
|
"Name : %s\n" .
|
|
"Version : %s\n" .
|
|
"Functions : [%d] %s\n" .
|
|
"Constants : [%d] %s\n" .
|
|
"INI entries : [%d] %s\n" .
|
|
"Classes : [%d] %s\n",
|
|
$ext->getName(),
|
|
$ext->getVersion() ? $ext->getVersion() : 'NO_VERSION',
|
|
sizeof($ext->getFunctions()),
|
|
var_export($ext->getFunctions(), 1),
|
|
|
|
sizeof($ext->getConstants()),
|
|
var_export($ext->getConstants(), 1),
|
|
|
|
sizeof($ext->getINIEntries()),
|
|
var_export($ext->getINIEntries(), 1),
|
|
|
|
sizeof($ext->getClassNames()),
|
|
var_export($ext->getClassNames(), 1)
|
|
);
|
|
?>
|
|
]]>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 id="language.oop5.reflection.extending">
|
|
<title>Extending the reflection classes</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
In case you want to create specialized versions of the built-in
|
|
classes (say, for creating colorized HTML when being exported,
|
|
having easy-access member variables instead of methods or
|
|
having utility methods), you may go ahead and extend them.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Extending the built-in classes</title>
|
|
<programlisting role='php'>
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|
<?php
|
|
/**
|
|
* My Reflection_Method class
|
|
*/
|
|
class My_Reflection_Method extends ReflectionMethod
|
|
{
|
|
public $visibility = '';
|
|
|
|
public function __construct($o, $m)
|
|
{
|
|
parent::__construct($o, $m);
|
|
$this->visibility= Reflection::getModifierNames($this->getModifiers());
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* Demo class #1
|
|
*
|
|
*/
|
|
class T {
|
|
protected function x() {}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
* Demo class #2
|
|
*
|
|
*/
|
|
class U extends T {
|
|
function x() {}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Print out information
|
|
var_dump(new My_Reflection_Method('U', 'x'));
|
|
?>
|
|
]]>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<simpara>
|
|
Caution: If you're overwriting the constructor, remember to call
|
|
the parent's constructor _before_ any code you insert. Failing to
|
|
do so will result in the following:
|
|
<literal>
|
|
Fatal error: Internal error: Failed to retrieve the reflection object
|
|
</literal>
|
|
</simpara>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
|
|
Local variables:
|
|
mode: sgml
|
|
sgml-omittag:t
|
|
sgml-shorttag:t
|
|
sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
|
|
sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
|
|
sgml-indent-step:1
|
|
sgml-indent-data:t
|
|
indent-tabs-mode:nil
|
|
sgml-parent-document:nil
|
|
sgml-default-dtd-file:"../../manual.ced"
|
|
sgml-exposed-tags:nil
|
|
sgml-local-catalogs:nil
|
|
sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
|
|
End:
|
|
vim600: syn=xml fen fdm=syntax fdl=2 si
|
|
vim: et tw=78 syn=sgml
|
|
vi: ts=1 sw=1
|
|
-->
|