php-doc-en/reference/info/functions/getopt.xml

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<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xml:id="function.getopt">
 <refnamediv>
  <refname>getopt</refname>
  <refpurpose>Gets options from the command line argument list</refpurpose>
 </refnamediv>

 <refsect1 role="description">
  &reftitle.description;
  <methodsynopsis>
   <type>array</type><methodname>getopt</methodname>
   <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>options</parameter></methodparam>
   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>array</type><parameter>longopts</parameter></methodparam>
  </methodsynopsis>
  <para>
   Parses options passed to the script.
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1 role="parameters">
  &reftitle.parameters;
  <para>
   <variablelist>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><parameter>options</parameter></term>
     <listitem>
      <simpara>
       Each character in this string will be used as option characters and
       matched against options passed to the script starting with a single
       hyphen (<literal>-</literal>).
      </simpara>
      <simpara>
       For example, an option string <literal>"x"</literal> recognizes an
       option <literal>-x</literal>.
      </simpara>
      <simpara>
       Only a-z, A-Z and 0-9 are allowed.
      </simpara>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><parameter>longopts</parameter></term>
     <listitem>
      <simpara>
       An array of options. Each element in this array will be used as option
       strings and matched against options passed to the script starting with
       two hyphens (<literal>--</literal>).
      </simpara>
      <simpara>
       For example, an longopts element <literal>"opt"</literal> recognizes an
       option <literal>--opt</literal>.
      </simpara>
      <note>
       <simpara>
        Prior to PHP5.3.0 this parameter was only available on few systems
       </simpara>
      </note>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
   </variablelist>
  </para>
  <para>
   The <parameter>options</parameter> parameter may contain the following
   elements:
   <simplelist>
    <member>Individual characters (do not accept values)</member>
    <member>Characters followed by a colon (parameter requires value)</member>
    <member>Characters followed by two colons (optional value)</member>
   </simplelist>
   Option values are the first argument after the string. It does not matter
   if a value has leading white space or not.
   <note>
    <simpara>
     Optional values do not accept <literal>" "</literal> (space) as a separator.
    </simpara>
   </note>
  </para>
  <note>
   <para>
    The format for the <parameter>options</parameter> and
    <parameter>longopts</parameter> is almost the same, the only difference is
    that <parameter>longopts</parameter> takes an array of options (where each
    element is the option) where as <parameter>options</parameter> takes a
    string (where each character is the option).
   </para>
  </note>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1 role="returnvalues">
  &reftitle.returnvalues;
  <para>
   This function will return an array of option / argument pairs or &false; on
   failure.
  </para>
  <note>
   <para>
    The parsing of options will end at the first non-option found, anything
    that follows is discarded.
   </para>
  </note>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1 role="changelog">
  &reftitle.changelog;
  <para>
   <informaltable>
    <tgroup cols="2">
     <thead>
      <row>
       <entry>&Version;</entry>
       <entry>&Description;</entry>
      </row>
     </thead>
     <tbody>
      <row>
       <entry>5.3.0</entry>
       <entry>
        Added support for "=" as argument/value separator.
       </entry>
      </row>
      <row>
       <entry>5.3.0</entry>
       <entry>
        Added support for optional values (specified with "::").
       </entry>
      </row>
      <row>
       <entry>5.3.0</entry>
       <entry>
        This function is no longer system dependent and works on Windows too.
       </entry>
      </row>
     </tbody>
    </tgroup>
   </informaltable>
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1 role="examples">
  &reftitle.examples;
  <para>
   <example xml:id="getopt.examples-1">
    <title><function>getopt</function> example</title>
    <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$options = getopt("f:hp:");
var_dump($options);
?>
]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
     Running the above script with <literal>php script.php -fvalue -h</literal>
     will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
<![CDATA[
array(2) {
  ["f"]=>
  string(5) "value"
  ["h"]=>
  bool(false)
}
]]>
    </screen>
   </example>
  </para>
  <para>
   <example xml:id="getopt.examples-2">
    <title><function>getopt</function> example#2</title>
    <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$shortopts  = "";
$shortopts .= "f:";  // Required value
$shortopts .= "v::"; // Optional value
$shortopts .= "abc"; // These options do not accept values

$longopts  = array(
    "required:",     // Required value
    "optional::",    // Optional value
    "option",        // No value
    "opt",           // No value
);
$options = getopt($shortopts, $longopts);
var_dump($options);
?>
]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
     Running the above script with <literal>php script.php -f "value for f" -v
     -a --required value --optional="optional value" --option</literal>
     will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
<![CDATA[
array(6) {
  ["f"]=>
  string(11) "value for f"
  ["v"]=>
  bool(false)
  ["a"]=>
  bool(false)
  ["required"]=>
  string(5) "value"
  ["optional"]=>
  string(14) "optional value"
  ["option"]=>
  bool(false)
}
]]>
    </screen>
   </example>
  </para>
  <para>
   <example xml:id="getopt.examples-3">
    <title><function>getopt</function> example#3</title>
    <para>Passing multiple options as one</para>
    <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$options = getopt("abc");
var_dump($options);
?>
]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
     Running the above script with <literal>php script.php -aaac</literal>
     will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
<![CDATA[
array(2) {
  ["a"]=>
  array(3) {
    [0]=>
    bool(false)
    [1]=>
    bool(false)
    [2]=>
    bool(false)
  }
  ["c"]=>
  bool(false)
}
]]>
    </screen>
   </example>
  </para>
 </refsect1>

<!--
 <refsect1 role="notes">
  &reftitle.notes;
  <note>
   <para>
   </para>
  </note>
 </refsect1>
-->

</refentry>

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