php-doc-en/reference/strings/functions/htmlspecialchars.xml
2002-08-10 10:59:48 +00:00

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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<refentry id="function.htmlspecialchars">
<refnamediv>
<refname>htmlspecialchars</refname>
<refpurpose>
Convert special characters to HTML entities
</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>string</type><methodname>htmlspecialchars</methodname>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>string</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>quote_style</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>charset</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
Certain characters have special significance in HTML, and should
be represented by HTML entities if they are to preserve their
meanings. This function returns a string with some of these
conversions made; the translations made are those most
useful for everyday web programming. If you require all HTML
character entities to be translated, use
<function>htmlentities</function> instead.
</para>
<simpara>
This function is useful in preventing user-supplied text from
containing HTML markup, such as in a message board or guest book
application. The optional second argument, quote_style, tells
the function what to do with single and double quote characters.
The default mode, ENT_COMPAT, is the backwards compatible mode
which only translates the double-quote character and leaves the
single-quote untranslated. If ENT_QUOTES is set, both single and
double quotes are translated and if ENT_NOQUOTES is set neither
single nor double quotes are translated.
</simpara>
<para>
The translations performed are:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<simpara>
'&amp;' (ampersand) becomes '&amp;amp;'
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
'&quot;' (double quote) becomes '&amp;quot;' when ENT_NOQUOTES
is not set.
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
'&#039;' (single quote) becomes '&amp;#039;' only when
ENT_QUOTES is set.
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
'&lt;' (less than) becomes '&amp;lt;'
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
'&gt;' (greater than) becomes '&amp;gt;'
</simpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<example>
<title><function>htmlspecialchars</function> example</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
$new = htmlspecialchars("<a href='test'>Test</a>", ENT_QUOTES);
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
</para>
<para>
Note that this function does not translate anything beyond what
is listed above. For full entity translation, see
<function>htmlentities</function>. Support for the optional
second argument was added in PHP 3.0.17 and PHP 4.0.3.
</para>
<para>
The third argument defines character set used in conversion. The
default character set is ISO-8859-1. Support for this third argument was
added in PHP 4.1.0.
</para>
<para>
See also <function>get_html_translation_table</function>,
<function>htmlentities</function> and <function>nl2br</function>.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
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