php-doc-en/functions/xml.xml
Hartmut Holzgraefe 7839d91186 added DO NOT EDIT noctice to old english functions files,
removing the others


git-svn-id: https://svn.php.net/repository/phpdoc/en/trunk@78562 c90b9560-bf6c-de11-be94-00142212c4b1
2002-04-17 19:58:46 +00:00

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XML

<!-- D O N O T E D I T T H I S F I L E ! ! !
it is still here for historical reasons only
(as translators may need to check old revision diffs)
if you want to change things documented in this file
you should now edit the files found under en/reference
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<!-- $Revision: 1.27 $ -->
<reference id="ref.xml">
<title>XML parser functions</title>
<titleabbrev>XML</titleabbrev>
<partintro>
<sect1 id="xml.partintro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<sect2 id="xml.intro">
<title>About XML</title>
<para>
XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a data format for structured
document interchange on the Web. It is a standard defined by
The World Wide Web consortium (W3C). Information about XML and
related technologies can be found at <ulink
url="&url.xml;">&url.xml;</ulink>.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="xml.install">
<title>Installation</title>
<para>
This extension uses <productname>expat</productname>, which can
be found at <ulink url="&url.expat;">&url.expat;</ulink>. The
Makefile that comes with expat does not build a library by
default, you can use this make rule for that:
<programlisting role="makefile">
<![CDATA[
libexpat.a: $(OBJS)
ar -rc $@ $(OBJS)
ranlib $@
]]>
</programlisting>
A source RPM package of expat can be found at <ulink
url="&url.expat.rpm;">&url.expat.rpm;</ulink>.
</para>
<para>
Note that if you are using Apache-1.3.7 or later, you already
have the required expat library. Simply configure PHP using
<option role="configure">--with-xml</option> (without any
additional path) and it will automatically use the expat library
built into Apache.
</para>
<para>
On UNIX, run <command>configure</command> with the <option
role="configure">--with-xml</option> option. The
<productname>expat</productname> library should be installed
somewhere your compiler can find it. If you compile PHP as a
module for Apache 1.3.9 or later, PHP will automatically use the
bundled <productname>expat</productname> library from Apache.
You may need to set <envar>CPPFLAGS</envar> and
<envar>LDFLAGS</envar> in your environment before running
configure if you have installed expat somewhere exotic.
</para>
<para>
Build PHP. <emphasis>Tada!</emphasis> That should be it.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="xml.about">
<title>About This Extension</title>
<para>
This PHP extension implements support for James Clark's
<productname>expat</productname> in PHP. This toolkit lets you
parse, but not validate, XML documents. It supports three
source <link linkend="xml.encoding">character encodings</link>
also provided by PHP: <literal>US-ASCII</literal>,
<literal>ISO-8859-1</literal> and <literal>UTF-8</literal>.
<literal>UTF-16</literal> is not supported.
</para>
<para>
This extension lets you <link
linkend="function.xml-parser-create">create XML parsers</link>
and then define <emphasis>handlers</emphasis> for different XML
events. Each XML parser also has a few <link
linkend="function.xml-parser-set-option">parameters</link> you
can adjust.
</para>
<para>
The XML event handlers defined are:
<table>
<title>Supported XML handlers</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>PHP function to set handler</entry>
<entry>Event description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry><function>xml_set_element_handler</function></entry>
<entry>
Element events are issued whenever the XML parser
encounters start or end tags. There are separate handlers
for start tags and end tags.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<function>xml_set_character_data_handler</function>
</entry>
<entry>
Character data is roughly all the non-markup contents of
XML documents, including whitespace between tags. Note
that the XML parser does not add or remove any whitespace,
it is up to the application (you) to decide whether
whitespace is significant.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<function>xml_set_processing_instruction_handler</function>
</entry>
<entry>
PHP programmers should be familiar with processing
instructions (PIs) already. &lt;?php ?&gt; is a processing
instruction, where <replaceable>php</replaceable> is called
the "PI target". The handling of these are
application-specific, except that all PI targets starting
with "XML" are reserved.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><function>xml_set_default_handler</function></entry>
<entry>
What goes not to another handler goes to the default
handler. You will get things like the XML and document
type declarations in the default handler.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<function>xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handler</function>
</entry>
<entry>
This handler will be called for declaration of an unparsed
(NDATA) entity.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<function>xml_set_notation_decl_handler</function>
</entry>
<entry>
This handler is called for declaration of a notation.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<function>xml_set_external_entity_ref_handler</function>
</entry>
<entry>
This handler is called when the XML parser finds a
reference to an external parsed general entity. This can
be a reference to a file or URL, for example. See <link
linkend="example.xml-external-entity">the external entity
example</link> for a demonstration.
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="xml.case-folding">
<title>Case Folding</title>
<para>
The element handler functions may get their element names
<glossterm>case-folded</glossterm>. Case-folding is defined by
the XML standard as "a process applied to a sequence of
characters, in which those identified as non-uppercase are
replaced by their uppercase equivalents". In other words, when
it comes to XML, case-folding simply means uppercasing.
</para>
<para>
By default, all the element names that are passed to the handler
functions are case-folded. This behaviour can be queried and
controlled per XML parser with the
<function>xml_parser_get_option</function> and
<function>xml_parser_set_option</function> functions,
respectively.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="xml.error-codes">
<title>Error Codes</title>
<para>
The following constants are defined for XML error codes (as
returned by <function>xml_parse</function>):
<simplelist>
<member>XML_ERROR_NONE</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_NO_MEMORY</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_SYNTAX</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_NO_ELEMENTS</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_INVALID_TOKEN</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_UNCLOSED_TOKEN</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_PARTIAL_CHAR</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_TAG_MISMATCH</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_DUPLICATE_ATTRIBUTE</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_JUNK_AFTER_DOC_ELEMENT</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_PARAM_ENTITY_REF</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_UNDEFINED_ENTITY</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_RECURSIVE_ENTITY_REF</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_ASYNC_ENTITY</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_BINARY_ENTITY_REF</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_ATTRIBUTE_EXTERNAL_ENTITY_REF</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_MISPLACED_XML_PI</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_UNKNOWN_ENCODING</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_INCORRECT_ENCODING</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_UNCLOSED_CDATA_SECTION</member>
<member>XML_ERROR_EXTERNAL_ENTITY_HANDLING</member>
</simplelist>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="xml.encoding">
<title>Character Encoding</title>
<para>
PHP's XML extension supports the <ulink
url="&url.unicode;">Unicode</ulink> character set through
different <glossterm>character encoding</glossterm>s. There are
two types of character encodings, <glossterm>source
encoding</glossterm> and <glossterm>target encoding</glossterm>.
PHP's internal representation of the document is always encoded
with <literal>UTF-8</literal>.
</para>
<para>
Source encoding is done when an XML document is <link
linkend="function.xml-parse">parsed</link>. Upon <link
linkend="function.xml-parser-create">creating an XML
parser</link>, a source encoding can be specified (this encoding
can not be changed later in the XML parser's lifetime). The
supported source encodings are <literal>ISO-8859-1</literal>,
<literal>US-ASCII</literal> and <literal>UTF-8</literal>. The
former two are single-byte encodings, which means that each
character is represented by a single byte.
<literal>UTF-8</literal> can encode characters composed by a
variable number of bits (up to 21) in one to four bytes. The
default source encoding used by PHP is
<literal>ISO-8859-1</literal>.
</para>
<para>
Target encoding is done when PHP passes data to XML handler
functions. When an XML parser is created, the target encoding
is set to the same as the source encoding, but this may be
changed at any point. The target encoding will affect character
data as well as tag names and processing instruction targets.
</para>
<para>
If the XML parser encounters characters outside the range that
its source encoding is capable of representing, it will return
an error.
</para>
<para>
If PHP encounters characters in the parsed XML document that can
not be represented in the chosen target encoding, the problem
characters will be "demoted". Currently, this means that such
characters are replaced by a question mark.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="xml.examples">
<title>Some Examples</title>
<para>
Here are some example PHP scripts parsing XML documents.
</para>
<sect2 id="example.xml-structure">
<title>XML Element Structure Example</title>
<para>
This first example displays the stucture of the start elements in
a document with indentation.
<example>
<title>Show XML Element Structure</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
$file = "data.xml";
$depth = array();
function startElement($parser, $name, $attrs) {
global $depth;
for ($i = 0; $i < $depth[$parser]; $i++) {
print " ";
}
print "$name\n";
$depth[$parser]++;
}
function endElement($parser, $name) {
global $depth;
$depth[$parser]--;
}
$xml_parser = xml_parser_create();
xml_set_element_handler($xml_parser, "startElement", "endElement");
if (!($fp = fopen($file, "r"))) {
die("could not open XML input");
}
while ($data = fread($fp, 4096)) {
if (!xml_parse($xml_parser, $data, feof($fp))) {
die(sprintf("XML error: %s at line %d",
xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($xml_parser)),
xml_get_current_line_number($xml_parser)));
}
}
xml_parser_free($xml_parser);
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="example.xml-map-tags">
<title>XML Tag Mapping Example</title>
<para>
<example>
<title>Map XML to HTML</title>
<para>
This example maps tags in an XML document directly to HTML
tags. Elements not found in the "map array" are ignored. Of
course, this example will only work with a specific XML
document type.
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
$file = "data.xml";
$map_array = array(
"BOLD" => "B",
"EMPHASIS" => "I",
"LITERAL" => "TT"
);
function startElement($parser, $name, $attrs) {
global $map_array;
if ($htmltag = $map_array[$name]) {
print "<$htmltag>";
}
}
function endElement($parser, $name) {
global $map_array;
if ($htmltag = $map_array[$name]) {
print "</$htmltag>";
}
}
function characterData($parser, $data) {
print $data;
}
$xml_parser = xml_parser_create();
// use case-folding so we are sure to find the tag in $map_array
xml_parser_set_option($xml_parser, XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING, true);
xml_set_element_handler($xml_parser, "startElement", "endElement");
xml_set_character_data_handler($xml_parser, "characterData");
if (!($fp = fopen($file, "r"))) {
die("could not open XML input");
}
while ($data = fread($fp, 4096)) {
if (!xml_parse($xml_parser, $data, feof($fp))) {
die(sprintf("XML error: %s at line %d",
xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($xml_parser)),
xml_get_current_line_number($xml_parser)));
}
}
xml_parser_free($xml_parser);
]]>
</programlisting>
</para>
</example>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="example.xml-external-entity">
<title>XML External Entity Example</title>
<para>
This example highlights XML code. It illustrates how to use an
external entity reference handler to include and parse other
documents, as well as how PIs can be processed, and a way of
determining "trust" for PIs containing code.
</para>
<para>
XML documents that can be used for this example are found below
the example (<filename>xmltest.xml</filename> and
<filename>xmltest2.xml</filename>.)
</para>
<para>
<example>
<title>External Entity Example</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
$file = "xmltest.xml";
function trustedFile($file) {
// only trust local files owned by ourselves
if (!eregi("^([a-z]+)://", $file)
&& fileowner($file) == getmyuid()) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
function startElement($parser, $name, $attribs) {
print "&lt;<font color=\"#0000cc\">$name</font>";
if (sizeof($attribs)) {
while (list($k, $v) = each($attribs)) {
print " <font color=\"#009900\">$k</font>=\"<font
color=\"#990000\">$v</font>\"";
}
}
print "&gt;";
}
function endElement($parser, $name) {
print "&lt;/<font color=\"#0000cc\">$name</font>&gt;";
}
function characterData($parser, $data) {
print "<b>$data</b>";
}
function PIHandler($parser, $target, $data) {
switch (strtolower($target)) {
case "php":
global $parser_file;
// If the parsed document is "trusted", we say it is safe
// to execute PHP code inside it. If not, display the code
// instead.
if (trustedFile($parser_file[$parser])) {
eval($data);
} else {
printf("Untrusted PHP code: <i>%s</i>",
htmlspecialchars($data));
}
break;
}
}
function defaultHandler($parser, $data) {
if (substr($data, 0, 1) == "&" && substr($data, -1, 1) == ";") {
printf('<font color="#aa00aa">%s</font>',
htmlspecialchars($data));
} else {
printf('<font size="-1">%s</font>',
htmlspecialchars($data));
}
}
function externalEntityRefHandler($parser, $openEntityNames, $base, $systemId,
$publicId) {
if ($systemId) {
if (!list($parser, $fp) = new_xml_parser($systemId)) {
printf("Could not open entity %s at %s\n", $openEntityNames,
$systemId);
return false;
}
while ($data = fread($fp, 4096)) {
if (!xml_parse($parser, $data, feof($fp))) {
printf("XML error: %s at line %d while parsing entity %s\n",
xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($parser)),
xml_get_current_line_number($parser), $openEntityNames);
xml_parser_free($parser);
return false;
}
}
xml_parser_free($parser);
return true;
}
return false;
}
function new_xml_parser($file) {
global $parser_file;
$xml_parser = xml_parser_create();
xml_parser_set_option($xml_parser, XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING, 1);
xml_set_element_handler($xml_parser, "startElement", "endElement");
xml_set_character_data_handler($xml_parser, "characterData");
xml_set_processing_instruction_handler($xml_parser, "PIHandler");
xml_set_default_handler($xml_parser, "defaultHandler");
xml_set_external_entity_ref_handler($xml_parser, "externalEntityRefHandler");
if (!($fp = @fopen($file, "r"))) {
return false;
}
if (!is_array($parser_file)) {
settype($parser_file, "array");
}
$parser_file[$xml_parser] = $file;
return array($xml_parser, $fp);
}
if (!(list($xml_parser, $fp) = new_xml_parser($file))) {
die("could not open XML input");
}
print "<pre>";
while ($data = fread($fp, 4096)) {
if (!xml_parse($xml_parser, $data, feof($fp))) {
die(sprintf("XML error: %s at line %d\n",
xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($xml_parser)),
xml_get_current_line_number($xml_parser)));
}
}
print "</pre>";
print "parse complete\n";
xml_parser_free($xml_parser);
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
</para>
<para id="example.xml-xmltest.xml">
<example>
<title>xmltest.xml</title>
<programlisting role="xml">
<![CDATA[
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "/just/a/test.dtd" [
<!ENTITY plainEntity "FOO entity">
<!ENTITY systemEntity SYSTEM "xmltest2.xml">
]>
<chapter>
<TITLE>Title &plainEntity;</TITLE>
<para>
<informaltable>
<tgroup cols="3">
<tbody>
<row><entry>a1</entry><entry morerows="1">b1</entry><entry>c1</entry></row>
<row><entry>a2</entry><entry>c2</entry></row>
<row><entry>a3</entry><entry>b3</entry><entry>c3</entry></row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
&systemEntity;
<sect1 id="about">
<title>About this Document</title>
<para>
<!-- this is a comment -->
<?php print 'Hi! This is PHP version '.phpversion(); ?>
</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
</para>
<para id="example.xml-xmltest2.xml">
This file is included from <filename>xmltest.xml</filename>:
<example>
<title>xmltest2.xml</title>
<programlisting role="xml">
<![CDATA[
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo [
<!ENTITY testEnt "test entity">
]>
<foo>
<element attrib="value"/>
&testEnt;
<?php print "This is some more PHP code being executed."; ?>
</foo>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</partintro>
<refentry id="function.xml-parser-create">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_parser_create</refname>
<refpurpose>create an XML parser</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname>xml_parser_create</methodname>
<methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>encoding</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>encoding</parameter> (optional)</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Which character encoding the parser should use. The
following character encodings are supported:
<simplelist>
<member><literal>ISO-8859-1</literal> (default)</member>
<member><literal>US-ASCII</literal></member>
<member><literal>UTF-8</literal></member>
</simplelist>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
This function creates an XML parser and returns a handle for use
by other XML functions. Returns &false; on
failure.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.xml-set-object">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_set_object</refname>
<refpurpose>Use XML Parser within an object</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>void</type><methodname>xml_set_object</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>object</type><parameter>&amp;object</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
This function allows to use <parameter>parser</parameter> inside
<parameter>object</parameter>. All callback functions could be
set with <function>xml_set_element_handler</function> etc and
assumed to be methods of <parameter>object</parameter>.
</para>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
class xml {
var $parser;
function xml() {
$this->parser = xml_parser_create();
xml_set_object($this->parser,&$this);
xml_set_element_handler($this->parser,"tag_open","tag_close");
xml_set_character_data_handler($this->parser,"cdata");
}
function parse($data) {
xml_parse($this->parser,$data);
}
function tag_open($parser,$tag,$attributes) {
var_dump($parser,$tag,$attributes);
}
function cdata($parser,$cdata) {
var_dump($parser,$cdata);
}
function tag_close($parser,$tag) {
var_dump($parser,$tag);
}
} // end of class xml
$xml_parser = new xml();
$xml_parser->parse("<A ID=\"hallo\">PHP</A>");
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.xml-set-element-handler">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_set_element_handler</refname>
<refpurpose>set up start and end element handlers</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname>xml_set_element_handler</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>startElementHandler</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>endElementHandler</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
Sets the element handler functions for the XML parser
<parameter>parser</parameter>.
<parameter>startElementHandler</parameter> and
<parameter>endElementHandler</parameter> are strings containing
the names of functions that must exist when
<function>xml_parse</function> is called for
<parameter>parser</parameter>.
</para>
<para>
The function named by <parameter>startElementHandler</parameter>
must accept three parameters:
<methodsynopsis>
<methodname><replaceable>startElementHandler</replaceable></methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>name</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>array</type><parameter>attribs</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>parser</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
The first parameter, <replaceable>parser</replaceable>, is a
reference to the XML parser calling the
handler.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>name</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
The second parameter, <parameter>name</parameter>, contains
the name of the element for which this handler is called. If
<link linkend="xml.case-folding">case-folding</link> is in
effect for this parser, the element name will be in uppercase
letters.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>attribs</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
The third parameter, <parameter>attribs</parameter>, contains
an associative array with the element's attributes (if any).
The keys of this array are the attribute names, the values
are the attribute values. Attribute names are <link
linkend="xml.case-folding">case-folded</link> on the same
criteria as element names. Attribute values are
<emphasis>not</emphasis> case-folded.
</simpara>
<simpara>
The original order of the attributes can be retrieved by
walking through <parameter>attribs</parameter> the normal
way, using <function>each</function>. The first key in the
array was the first attribute, and so on.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
The function named by <parameter>endElementHandler</parameter>
must accept two parameters:
<methodsynopsis>
<methodname><replaceable>endElementHandler</replaceable></methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>name</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>parser</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
The first parameter, <replaceable>parser</replaceable>, is a
reference to the XML parser calling the
handler.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>name</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
The second parameter, <parameter>name</parameter>, contains
the name of the element for which this handler is called. If
<link linkend="xml.case-folding">case-folding</link> is in
effect for this parser, the element name will be in uppercase
letters.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
If a handler function is set to an empty string, or
&false;, the handler in question is disabled.
</para>
<para>
&true; is returned if the handlers are set up, &false; if
<parameter>parser</parameter> is not a parser.
</para>
&note.func-callback;
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.xml-set-character-data-handler">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_set_character_data_handler</refname>
<refpurpose>set up character data handler</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname>xml_set_character_data_handler</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>handler</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
Sets the character data handler function for the XML parser
<parameter>parser</parameter>. <parameter>handler</parameter> is
a string containing the name of a function that must exist when
<function>xml_parse</function> is called for
<parameter>parser</parameter>.</para>
<para>
The function named by <parameter>handler</parameter> must accept
two parameters:
<methodsynopsis>
<methodname><replaceable>handler</replaceable></methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>data</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>parser</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
The first parameter, <replaceable>parser</replaceable>, is a
reference to the XML parser calling the handler.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>data</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
The second parameter, <parameter>data</parameter>, contains
the character data as a string.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist></para>
<para>
If a handler function is set to an empty string, or
&false;, the handler in question is
disabled.
</para>
<para>
&true; is returned if the handler is set up, &false; if
<parameter>parser</parameter> is not a parser.
</para>
&note.func-callback;
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.xml-set-processing-instruction-handler">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_set_processing_instruction_handler</refname>
<refpurpose>
Set up processing instruction (PI) handler
</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname>xml_set_processing_instruction_handler</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>handler</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
Sets the processing instruction (PI) handler function for the XML
parser <parameter>parser</parameter>.
<parameter>handler</parameter> is a string containing the name of
a function that must exist when <function>xml_parse</function> is
called for <parameter>parser</parameter>.
</para>
<para>
A processing instruction has the following format:
<informalexample>
<programlisting>&lt;?
<replaceable>target</replaceable>
<replaceable>data</replaceable>?>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
You can put PHP code into such a tag, but be aware of one
limitation: in an XML PI, the PI end tag
(<literal>?&gt;</literal>) can not be quoted, so this character
sequence should not appear in the PHP code you embed with PIs in
XML documents. If it does, the rest of the PHP code, as well as
the "real" PI end tag, will be treated as character data.
</para>
<para>
The function named by <parameter>handler</parameter> must accept
three parameters:
<methodsynopsis>
<methodname><replaceable>handler</replaceable></methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>target</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>data</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>parser</parameter></term> <listitem><simpara>
The first parameter, <replaceable>parser</replaceable>, is a
reference to the XML parser calling the
handler.</simpara></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>target</parameter></term>
<listitem><simpara>
The second parameter, <parameter>target</parameter>, contains
the PI target.</simpara></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>data</parameter></term>
<listitem><simpara>
The third parameter, <parameter>data</parameter>, contains
the PI data.</simpara></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist></para>
<para>
If a handler function is set to an empty string, or
&false;, the handler in question is disabled.
</para>
<para>
&true; is returned if the handler is set up, &false; if
<parameter>parser</parameter> is not a parser.
</para>
&note.func-callback;
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.xml-set-default-handler">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_set_default_handler</refname>
<refpurpose>set up default handler</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname>xml_set_default_handler</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>handler</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
Sets the default handler function for the XML parser
<parameter>parser</parameter>. <parameter>handler</parameter> is
a string containing the name of a function that must exist when
<function>xml_parse</function> is called for
<parameter>parser</parameter>.</para>
<para>
The function named by <parameter>handler</parameter> must accept
two parameters:
<methodsynopsis>
<methodname><replaceable>handler</replaceable></methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>data</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<parameter>parser</parameter>
</term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
The first parameter, <replaceable>parser</replaceable>, is a
reference to the XML parser calling the
handler.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<parameter>data</parameter>
</term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
The second parameter, <parameter>data</parameter>, contains
the character data. This may be the XML declaration,
document type declaration, entities or other data for which
no other handler exists.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
If a handler function is set to an empty string, or
&false;, the handler in question is disabled.
</para>
<para>
&true; is returned if the handler is set up, &false; if
<parameter>parser</parameter> is not a parser.
</para>
&note.func-callback;
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.xml-set-unparsed-entity-decl-handler">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handler</refname>
<refpurpose>
Set up unparsed entity declaration handler
</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname>xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handler</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>handler</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
Sets the unparsed entity declaration handler function for the XML
parser <parameter>parser</parameter>.
<parameter>handler</parameter> is a string containing the name of
a function that must exist when <function>xml_parse</function> is
called for <parameter>parser</parameter>.</para>
<para>
This handler will be called if the XML parser encounters an
external entity declaration with an NDATA declaration, like the
following:
<programlisting role="xml">
&lt;!ENTITY <parameter>name</parameter> {<parameter>publicId</parameter> | <parameter>systemId</parameter>}
NDATA <parameter>notationName</parameter>&gt;
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
See <ulink url="&url.rec-xml;#sec-external-ent">section 4.2.2 of
the XML 1.0 spec</ulink> for the definition of notation declared
external entities.
</para>
<para> The function named by
<parameter>handler</parameter> must accept six parameters:
<methodsynopsis>
<methodname><replaceable>handler</replaceable></methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>entityName</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>base</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>systemId</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>publicId</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>notationName</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>parser</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
The first parameter, <replaceable>parser</replaceable>, is a
reference to the XML parser calling the
handler.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>entityName</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
The name of the entity that is about to be defined.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>base</parameter></term>
<listitem><simpara>
This is the base for resolving the system identifier
(<parameter>systemId</parameter>) of the external
entity. Currently this parameter will always be set to
an empty string.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>systemId</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
System identifier for the external entity.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>publicId</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
Public identifier for the external entity.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>notationName</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
Name of the notation of this entity (see
<function>xml_set_notation_decl_handler</function>).
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist></para>
<para>
If a handler function is set to an empty string, or
&false;, the handler in question is disabled.
</para>
<para>
&true; is returned if the handler is set up, &false; if
<parameter>parser</parameter> is not a parser.
</para>
&note.func-callback;
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.xml-set-notation-decl-handler">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_set_notation_decl_handler</refname>
<refpurpose>set up notation declaration handler</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname>xml_set_notation_decl_handler</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>handler</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
Sets the notation declaration handler function for the XML parser
<parameter>parser</parameter>. <parameter>handler</parameter> is
a string containing the name of a function that must exist when
<function>xml_parse</function> is called for
<parameter>parser</parameter>.
</para>
<para>
A notation declaration is part of the document's DTD and has the
following format: <programlisting role="xml">&lt;!NOTATION
<parameter>name</parameter> {<parameter>systemId</parameter> |
<parameter>publicId</parameter>}&gt;</programlisting> See <ulink
url="&url.rec-xml;#Notations">section 4.7 of the XML 1.0
spec</ulink> for the definition of notation declarations.
</para>
<para>
The function named by <parameter>handler</parameter> must accept
five parameters:
<methodsynopsis>
<methodname><replaceable>handler</replaceable></methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>notationName</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>base</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>systemId</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>publicId</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<parameter>parser</parameter>
</term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
The first parameter, <replaceable>parser</replaceable>, is a
reference to the XML parser calling the
handler.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>notationName</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
This is the notation's <parameter>name</parameter>, as per
the notation format described above.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<parameter>base</parameter>
</term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
This is the base for resolving the system identifier
(<parameter>systemId</parameter>) of the notation
declaration. Currently this parameter will always be set to
an empty string.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>systemId</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
System identifier of the external notation
declaration.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<parameter>publicId</parameter>
</term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
Public identifier of the external notation
declaration.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
If a handler function is set to an empty string, or
&false;, the handler in question is
disabled.
</para>
<para>
&true; is returned if the handler is set up, &false; if
<parameter>parser</parameter> is not a parser.
</para>
&note.func-callback;
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.xml-set-external-entity-ref-handler">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_set_external_entity_ref_handler</refname>
<refpurpose>set up external entity reference handler</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname>xml_set_external_entity_ref_handler</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>handler</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
Sets the notation declaration handler function for the XML parser
<parameter>parser</parameter>. <parameter>handler</parameter> is
a string containing the name of a function that must exist when
<function>xml_parse</function> is called for
<parameter>parser</parameter>.
</para>
<para>
The function named by <parameter>handler</parameter> must accept
five parameters, and should return an integer value. If the
value returned from the handler is &false; (which it will be if no
value is returned), the XML parser will stop parsing and
<function>xml_get_error_code</function> will return <systemitem
class="constant">XML_ERROR_EXTERNAL_ENTITY_HANDLING</systemitem>.
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname><replaceable>handler</replaceable></methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>openEntityNames</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>base</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>systemId</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>publicId</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>parser</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
The first parameter, <replaceable>parser</replaceable>, is a
reference to the XML parser calling the handler.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>openEntityNames</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
The second parameter, <parameter>openEntityNames</parameter>,
is a space-separated list of the names of the entities that
are open for the parse of this entity (including the name of
the referenced entity).
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>base</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
This is the base for resolving the system identifier
(<parameter>systemid</parameter>) of the external entity.
Currently this parameter will always be set to an empty
string.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>systemId</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
The fourth parameter, <parameter>systemId</parameter>, is the
system identifier as specified in the entity declaration.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>publicId</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
The fifth parameter, <parameter>publicId</parameter>, is the
public identifier as specified in the entity declaration, or
an empty string if none was specified; the whitespace in the
public identifier will have been normalized as required by
the XML spec.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
If a handler function is set to an empty string, or
&false;, the handler in question is
disabled.
</para>
<para>
&true; is returned if the handler is set up, &false; if
<parameter>parser</parameter> is not a parser.
</para>
&note.func-callback;
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.xml-parse">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_parse</refname>
<refpurpose>start parsing an XML document</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname>xml_parse</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>data</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>isFinal</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>parser</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
A reference to the XML parser to use.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>data</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
Chunk of data to parse. A document may be parsed piece-wise
by calling <function>xml_parse</function> several times with
new data, as long as the <parameter>isFinal</parameter>
parameter is set and &true; when the last data is parsed.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>isFinal</parameter> (optional)</term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
If set and &true;, <parameter>data</parameter> is the last
piece of data sent in this parse.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
When the XML document is parsed, the handlers for the configured
events are called as many times as necessary, after which this
function returns &true; or &false;.
</para>
<para>
&true; is returned if the parse was successful, &false; if it was not
successful, or if <parameter>parser</parameter> does not refer to
a valid parser. For unsuccessful parses, error information can
be retrieved with <function>xml_get_error_code</function>,
<function>xml_error_string</function>,
<function>xml_get_current_line_number</function>,
<function>xml_get_current_column_number</function> and
<function>xml_get_current_byte_index</function>.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.xml-get-error-code">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_get_error_code</refname>
<refpurpose>get XML parser error code</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname>xml_get_error_code</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>parser</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
A reference to the XML parser to get error code from.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
This function returns &false; if <parameter>parser</parameter> does
not refer to a valid parser, or else it returns one of the error
codes listed in the <link linkend="xml.error-codes">error codes
section</link>.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.xml-error-string">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_error_string</refname>
<refpurpose>get XML parser error string</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>string</type><methodname>xml_error_string</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>code</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>code</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
An error code from <function>xml_get_error_code</function>.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
Returns a string with a textual description of the error code
<parameter>code</parameter>, or &false; if no description was found.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.xml-get-current-line-number">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_get_current_line_number</refname>
<refpurpose>get current line number for an XML parser</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname>xml_get_current_line_number</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>parser</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
A reference to the XML parser to get line number from.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
This function returns &false; if <parameter>parser</parameter> does
not refer to a valid parser, or else it returns which line the
parser is currently at in its data buffer.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.xml-get-current-column-number">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_get_current_column_number</refname>
<refpurpose>
Get current column number for an XML parser
</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname>xml_get_current_column_number</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>parser</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
A reference to the XML parser to get column number from.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
This function returns &false; if <parameter>parser</parameter> does
not refer to a valid parser, or else it returns which column on
the current line (as given by
<function>xml_get_current_line_number</function>) the parser is
currently at.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.xml-get-current-byte-index">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_get_current_byte_index</refname>
<refpurpose>get current byte index for an XML parser</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname>xml_get_current_byte_index</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>parser</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
A reference to the XML parser to get byte index from.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
This function returns &false; if <parameter>parser</parameter> does
not refer to a valid parser, or else it returns which byte index
the parser is currently at in its data buffer (starting at 0).
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.xml-parse-into-struct">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_parse_into_struct</refname>
<refpurpose>Parse XML data into an array structure</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname>xml_parse_into_struct</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>data</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>array</type><parameter>&amp;values</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>array</type><parameter>&amp;index</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
This function parses an XML file into 2 parallel array
structures, one (<parameter>index</parameter>) containing pointers
to the location of the appropriate values in the
<parameter>values</parameter> array. These last two parameters
must be passed by reference.
</para>
<para>
Below is an example that illustrates the internal structure of
the arrays being generated by the function. We use a simple
<literal>note</literal> tag embeded inside a
<literal>para</literal> tag, and then we parse this an print out
the structures generated:
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
$simple = "<para><note>simple note</note></para>";
$p = xml_parser_create();
xml_parse_into_struct($p,$simple,$vals,$index);
xml_parser_free($p);
echo "Index array\n";
print_r($index);
echo "\nVals array\n";
print_r($vals);
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
When we run that code, the output will be:
<informalexample>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
Index array
Array
(
[PARA] => Array
(
[0] => 0
[1] => 2
)
[NOTE] => Array
(
[0] => 1
)
)
Vals array
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[tag] => PARA
[type] => open
[level] => 1
)
[1] => Array
(
[tag] => NOTE
[type] => complete
[level] => 2
[value] => simple note
)
[2] => Array
(
[tag] => PARA
[type] => close
[level] => 1
)
)
]]>
</screen>
</informalexample>
</para>
<para>
Event-driven parsing (based on the expat library) can get
complicated when you have an XML document that is complex.
This function does not produce a DOM style object, but it
generates structures amenable of being transversed in a tree
fashion. Thus, we can create objects representing the data
in the XML file easily. Let's consider the following XML file
representing a small database of aminoacids information:
<example>
<title>moldb.xml - small database of molecular information</title>
<programlisting role="xml">
<![CDATA[
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<moldb>
<molecule>
<name>Alanine</name>
<symbol>ala</symbol>
<code>A</code>
<type>hydrophobic</type>
</molecule>
<molecule>
<name>Lysine</name>
<symbol>lys</symbol>
<code>K</code>
<type>charged</type>
</molecule>
</moldb>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
And some code to parse the document and generate the appropriate
objects:
<example>
<title>
parsemoldb.php - parses moldb.xml into and array of
molecular objects
</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
class AminoAcid {
var $name; // aa name
var $symbol; // three letter symbol
var $code; // one letter code
var $type; // hydrophobic, charged or neutral
function AminoAcid ($aa) {
foreach ($aa as $k=>$v)
$this->$k = $aa[$k];
}
}
function readDatabase($filename) {
// read the xml database of aminoacids
$data = implode("",file($filename));
$parser = xml_parser_create();
xml_parser_set_option($parser,XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING,0);
xml_parser_set_option($parser,XML_OPTION_SKIP_WHITE,1);
xml_parse_into_struct($parser,$data,$values,$tags);
xml_parser_free($parser);
// loop through the structures
foreach ($tags as $key=>$val) {
if ($key == "molecule") {
$molranges = $val;
// each contiguous pair of array entries are the
// lower and upper range for each molecule definition
for ($i=0; $i < count($molranges); $i+=2) {
$offset = $molranges[$i] + 1;
$len = $molranges[$i + 1] - $offset;
$tdb[] = parseMol(array_slice($values, $offset, $len));
}
} else {
continue;
}
}
return $tdb;
}
function parseMol($mvalues) {
for ($i=0; $i < count($mvalues); $i++)
$mol[$mvalues[$i]["tag"]] = $mvalues[$i]["value"];
return new AminoAcid($mol);
}
$db = readDatabase("moldb.xml");
echo "** Database of AminoAcid objects:\n";
print_r($db);
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
After executing <filename>parsemoldb.php</filename>, the variable
<varname>$db</varname> contains an array of
<classname>AminoAcid</classname> objects, and the output of the
script confirms that:
<informalexample>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
** Database of AminoAcid objects:
Array
(
[0] => aminoacid Object
(
[name] => Alanine
[symbol] => ala
[code] => A
[type] => hydrophobic
)
[1] => aminoacid Object
(
[name] => Lysine
[symbol] => lys
[code] => K
[type] => charged
)
)
]]>
</screen>
</informalexample>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.xml-parser-free">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_parser_free</refname>
<refpurpose>Free an XML parser</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>string</type><methodname>xml_parser_free</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>parser</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
A reference to the XML parser to free.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist></para>
<para>
This function returns &false; if <parameter>parser</parameter> does
not refer to a valid parser, or else it frees the parser and
returns &true;.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.xml-parser-set-option">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_parser_set_option</refname>
<refpurpose>set options in an XML parser</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname>xml_parser_set_option</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>option</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>mixed</type><parameter>value</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>parser</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
A reference to the XML parser to set an option in.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>option</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
Which option to set. See below.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>value</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
The option's new value.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
This function returns &false; if <parameter>parser</parameter> does
not refer to a valid parser, or if the option could not be set.
Else the option is set and &true; is returned.
</para>
<para>
The following options are available:
<table>
<title>XML parser options</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Option constant</entry>
<entry>Data type</entry>
<entry>Description</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING</entry>
<entry>integer</entry>
<entry>
Controls whether <link
linkend="xml.case-folding">case-folding</link> is enabled
for this XML parser. Enabled by default.
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>XML_OPTION_TARGET_ENCODING</entry>
<entry>string</entry>
<entry>
Sets which <link linkend="xml.encoding">target
encoding</link> to use in this XML parser. By default, it
is set to the same as the source encoding used by
<function>xml_parser_create</function>. Supported target
encodings are <literal>ISO-8859-1</literal>,
<literal>US-ASCII</literal> and <literal>UTF-8</literal>.
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.xml-parser-get-option">
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_parser_get_option</refname>
<refpurpose>get options from an XML parser</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>mixed</type><methodname>xml_parser_get_option</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>parser</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>option</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>parser</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
A reference to the XML parser to get an option
from.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>option</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
Which option to fetch. See
<function>xml_parser_set_option</function> for a list of
options.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
This function returns &false; if <parameter>parser</parameter> does
not refer to a valid parser, or if the option could not be set.
Else the option's value is returned.
</para>
<para>
See <function>xml_parser_set_option</function> for the list of
options.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.utf8-decode">
<refnamediv>
<refname>utf8_decode</refname>
<refpurpose>
Converts a string with ISO-8859-1 characters encoded with UTF-8
to single-byte ISO-8859-1.
</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>string</type><methodname>utf8_decode</methodname>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>data</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
This function decodes <parameter>data</parameter>, assumed to be
<literal>UTF-8</literal> encoded, to <literal>ISO-8859-1</literal>.
</para>
<para>
See <function>utf8_encode</function> for an explaination of UTF-8
encoding.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id="function.utf8-encode">
<refnamediv>
<refname>utf8_encode</refname>
<refpurpose>encodes an ISO-8859-1 string to UTF-8</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>string</type><methodname>utf8_encode</methodname>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>data</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
This function encodes the string <parameter>data</parameter> to
<literal>UTF-8</literal>, and returns the encoded version.
<literal>UTF-8</literal> is a standard mechanism used by
<acronym>Unicode</acronym>for encoding <glossterm>wide
character</glossterm> values into a byte stream.
<literal>UTF-8</literal> is transparent to plain
<abbrev>ASCII</abbrev> characters, is self-synchronized (meaning
it is possible for a program to figure out where in the
bytestream characters start) and can be used with normal string
comparison functions for sorting and such. PHP encodes
<literal>UTF-8</literal> characters in up to four bytes, like
this:
<table>
<title>UTF-8 encoding</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>bytes</entry>
<entry>bits</entry>
<entry>representation</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>1</entry>
<entry>7</entry>
<entry>0bbbbbbb</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>2</entry>
<entry>11</entry>
<entry>110bbbbb 10bbbbbb</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>3</entry>
<entry>16</entry>
<entry>1110bbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>4</entry>
<entry>21</entry>
<entry>11110bbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
Each <replaceable>b</replaceable> represents a bit that can be
used to store character data.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id='function.xml-parser-create-ns'>
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_parser_create_ns</refname>
<refpurpose>
Create an XML parser
</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname>xml_parser_create_ns</methodname>
<methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>encoding</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>sep</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
&warn.undocumented.func;
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id='function.xml-set-end-namespace-decl-handler'>
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_set_end_namespace_decl_handler</refname>
<refpurpose>
Set up character data handler
</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname>xml_set_end_namespace_decl_handler</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>pind</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>hdl</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
&warn.undocumented.func;
</para>
&note.func-callback;
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refentry id='function.xml-set-start-namespace-decl-handler'>
<refnamediv>
<refname>xml_set_start_namespace_decl_handler</refname>
<refpurpose>
Set up character data handler
</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<methodsynopsis>
<type>int</type><methodname>xml_set_start_namespace_decl_handler</methodname>
<methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>pind</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>hdl</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
&warn.undocumented.func;
</para>
&note.func-callback;
</refsect1>
</refentry>
</reference>
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