php-doc-en/reference/array/functions/array-reduce.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<refentry xml:id="function.array-reduce" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
 <refnamediv>
  <refname>array_reduce</refname>
  <refpurpose>Iteratively reduce the array to a single value using a callback function</refpurpose>
 </refnamediv>
 <refsect1 role="description">
  &reftitle.description;
  <methodsynopsis>
   <type>mixed</type><methodname>array_reduce</methodname>
   <methodparam><type>array</type><parameter>array</parameter></methodparam>
   <methodparam><type>callable</type><parameter>callback</parameter></methodparam>
   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>mixed</type><parameter>initial</parameter><initializer>&null;</initializer></methodparam>
  </methodsynopsis>
  <para>
   <function>array_reduce</function> applies iteratively the
   <parameter>callback</parameter> function to the elements of the
   <parameter>array</parameter>, so as to reduce the array to
   a single value.
  </para>
 </refsect1>
 <refsect1 role="parameters">
  &reftitle.parameters;
  <para>
   <variablelist>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><parameter>array</parameter></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       The input array.
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><parameter>callback</parameter></term>
     <listitem>
      <methodsynopsis>
       <type>mixed</type><methodname><replaceable>callback</replaceable></methodname>
       <methodparam><type>mixed</type><parameter>carry</parameter></methodparam>
       <methodparam><type>mixed</type><parameter>item</parameter></methodparam>
      </methodsynopsis>
      <variablelist>
       <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>carry</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
         <para>
          Holds the return value of the previous iteration; in the case of the
          first iteration it instead holds the value of 
          <parameter>initial</parameter>.
         </para>
        </listitem>
       </varlistentry>
       <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>item</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
         <para>
          Holds the value of the current iteration.
         </para>
        </listitem>
       </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><parameter>initial</parameter></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       If the optional <parameter>initial</parameter> is available, it will
       be used at the beginning of the process, or as a final result in case
       the array is empty.
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
   </variablelist>
  </para>
 </refsect1>
 <refsect1 role="returnvalues">
  &reftitle.returnvalues;
  <para>
   Returns the resulting value.
  </para>
  <para>
   If the array is empty and <parameter>initial</parameter> is not passed,
   <function>array_reduce</function> returns &null;.
  </para>
 </refsect1>
 <refsect1 role="changelog">
  &reftitle.changelog;
  <para>
   <informaltable>
    <tgroup cols="2">
     <thead>
      <row>
       <entry>&Version;</entry>
       <entry>&Description;</entry>
      </row>
     </thead>
     <tbody>
      <row>
       <entry>5.3.0</entry>
       <entry>
        Changed <parameter>initial</parameter> to allow <type>mixed</type>, previously <type>integer</type>.
       </entry>
      </row>
     </tbody>
    </tgroup>
   </informaltable>
  </para>
 </refsect1>
 <refsect1 role="examples">
  &reftitle.examples;
  <para>
   <example>
    <title><function>array_reduce</function> example</title>
    <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
function rsum($v, $w)
{
    $v += $w;
    return $v;
}

function rmul($v, $w)
{
    $v *= $w;
    return $v;
}

$a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
$x = array();
$b = array_reduce($a, "rsum");
$c = array_reduce($a, "rmul", 10);
$d = array_reduce($x, "rsum", "No data to reduce");
?>
]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
     This will result in <varname>$b</varname> containing
     <literal>15</literal>, <varname>$c</varname> containing
     <literal>1200</literal> (= 10*1*2*3*4*5), and <varname>$d</varname>
     containing <literal>No data to reduce</literal>.
    </para>
   </example>
  </para>
 </refsect1>
 <refsect1 role="seealso">
  &reftitle.seealso;
  <para>
   <simplelist>
    <member><function>array_filter</function></member>
    <member><function>array_map</function></member>
    <member><function>array_unique</function></member>
    <member><function>array_count_values</function></member>
   </simplelist>
  </para>
 </refsect1>
</refentry>

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