mirror of
https://github.com/sigmasternchen/php-doc-en
synced 2025-03-15 08:28:54 +00:00
c9b1de1c12
This solves the issue that we're linking to an external site whose cert is expired (user note 123470), and is generally the way forward[1]. We do not yet remove the url.phpdbg.docs entity, since it is used by multiple active translations. [1] <http://news.php.net/php.doc/969386971>f git-svn-id: https://svn.php.net/repository/phpdoc/en/trunk@346451 c90b9560-bf6c-de11-be94-00142212c4b1
452 lines
11 KiB
XML
452 lines
11 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<!-- $Revision$ -->
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<sect1 xml:id="migration56.new-features" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<title>New features</title>
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<sect2 xml:id="migration56.new-features.const-scalar-exprs">
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<title>Constant expressions</title>
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<para>
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It is now possible to provide a scalar expression involving numeric and
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string literals and/or constants in contexts where PHP previously expected
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a static value, such as constant and property declarations and default
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function arguments.
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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const ONE = 1;
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const TWO = ONE * 2;
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class C {
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const THREE = TWO + 1;
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const ONE_THIRD = ONE / self::THREE;
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const SENTENCE = 'The value of THREE is '.self::THREE;
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public function f($a = ONE + self::THREE) {
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return $a;
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}
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}
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echo (new C)->f()."\n";
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echo C::SENTENCE;
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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4
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The value of THREE is 3
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]]>
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</screen>
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</informalexample>
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<para>
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It is also now possible to define a constant <type>array</type> using the
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<literal>const</literal> keyword:
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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const ARR = ['a', 'b'];
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echo ARR[0];
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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a
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]]>
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</screen>
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</informalexample>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 xml:id="migration56.new-features.variadics">
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<title>Variadic functions via <literal>...</literal></title>
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<para>
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<link linkend="functions.variable-arg-list">Variadic functions</link> can
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now be implemented using the <literal>...</literal> operator, instead of
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relying on <function>func_get_args</function>.
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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function f($req, $opt = null, ...$params) {
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// $params is an array containing the remaining arguments.
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printf('$req: %d; $opt: %d; number of params: %d'."\n",
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$req, $opt, count($params));
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}
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f(1);
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f(1, 2);
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f(1, 2, 3);
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f(1, 2, 3, 4);
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f(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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$req: 1; $opt: 0; number of params: 0
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$req: 1; $opt: 2; number of params: 0
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$req: 1; $opt: 2; number of params: 1
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$req: 1; $opt: 2; number of params: 2
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$req: 1; $opt: 2; number of params: 3
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]]>
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</screen>
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</informalexample>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 xml:id="migration56.new-features.splat">
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<title>Argument unpacking via <literal>...</literal></title>
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<para>
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<link linkend="language.types.array">Arrays</link> and
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<interfacename>Traversable</interfacename> objects can be unpacked into
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argument lists when calling functions by using the <literal>...</literal>
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operator. This is also known as the splat operator in other languages,
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including Ruby.
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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function add($a, $b, $c) {
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return $a + $b + $c;
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}
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$operators = [2, 3];
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echo add(1, ...$operators);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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6
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]]>
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</screen>
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</informalexample>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 xml:id="migration56.new-features.exponentiation">
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<title>Exponentiation via <literal>**</literal></title>
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<para>
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A right associative <literal>**</literal> operator has been added to
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support exponentiation, along with a <literal>**=</literal> shorthand
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assignment operator.
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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printf("2 ** 3 == %d\n", 2 ** 3);
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printf("2 ** 3 ** 2 == %d\n", 2 ** 3 ** 2);
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$a = 2;
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$a **= 3;
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printf("a == %d\n", $a);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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2 ** 3 == 8
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2 ** 3 ** 2 == 512
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a == 8
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]]>
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</screen>
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</informalexample>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 xml:id="migration56.new-features.use">
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<title><literal>use function</literal> and <literal>use const</literal></title>
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<para>
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The
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<link linkend="language.namespaces.importing"><literal>use</literal></link>
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operator has been extended to support importing functions and constants in
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addition to classes. This is achieved via the
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<literal>use function</literal> and <literal>use const</literal>
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constructs, respectively.
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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namespace Name\Space {
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const FOO = 42;
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function f() { echo __FUNCTION__."\n"; }
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}
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namespace {
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use const Name\Space\FOO;
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use function Name\Space\f;
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echo FOO."\n";
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f();
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}
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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42
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Name\Space\f
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]]>
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</screen>
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</informalexample>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 xml:id="migration56.new-features.phpdbg">
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<title>phpdbg</title>
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<para>
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PHP now includes an interactive debugger called phpdbg implemented as a
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SAPI module. For more information, please visit the
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<link linkend="book.phpdbg">phpdbg documentation</link>.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 xml:id="migration56.new-features.default-encoding">
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<title>Default character encoding</title>
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<para>
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<link linkend="ini.default-charset">default_charset</link> is now used as
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the default character set for the <function>htmlentities</function>,
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<function>html_entity_decode</function> and
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<function>htmlspecialchars</function> functions. Note that if the (now
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deprecated) iconv and mbstring encoding settings are set, they will take
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precedence over default_charset for iconv and mbstring functions,
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respectively.
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</para>
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<para>
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The default value for this setting is <literal>UTF-8</literal>.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 xml:id="migration56.new-features.reusable-input">
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<title><link linkend="wrappers.php.input"><literal>php://input</literal></link> is reusable</title>
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<para>
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<link linkend="wrappers.php.input"><literal>php://input</literal></link>
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may now be reopened and read as many times as required. This work has also
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resulted in a major reduction in the amount of memory required to deal
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with POST data.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 xml:id="migration56.new-features.large-file">
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<title>Large file uploads</title>
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<para>
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Files larger than 2 gigabytes in size are now accepted.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 xml:id="migration56.new-features.gmp">
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<title><link linkend="book.gmp">GMP</link> supports operator overloading</title>
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<para>
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<link linkend="book.gmp">GMP</link> objects now support operator
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overloading and casting to scalar types. This allows for more expressive
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code using GMP:
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$a = gmp_init(42);
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$b = gmp_init(17);
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if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.6', '<')) {
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echo gmp_intval(gmp_add($a, $b)), PHP_EOL;
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echo gmp_intval(gmp_add($a, 17)), PHP_EOL;
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echo gmp_intval(gmp_add(42, $b)), PHP_EOL;
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} else {
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echo $a + $b, PHP_EOL;
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echo $a + 17, PHP_EOL;
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echo 42 + $b, PHP_EOL;
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}
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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59
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59
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59
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]]>
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</screen>
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</informalexample>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 xml:id="migration56.new-features.hash-equals">
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<title><function>hash_equals</function> for timing attack safe string comparison</title>
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<para>
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The <function>hash_equals</function> function has been added to compare
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two strings in constant time. This should be used to mitigate timing
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attacks; for instance, when testing <function>crypt</function> password
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hashes (assuming that you are unable to use
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<function>password_hash</function> and
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<function>password_verify</function>, which aren't susceptible to timing
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attacks).
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$expected = crypt('12345', '$2a$07$usesomesillystringforsalt$');
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$correct = crypt('12345', '$2a$07$usesomesillystringforsalt$');
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$incorrect = crypt('1234', '$2a$07$usesomesillystringforsalt$');
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var_dump(hash_equals($expected, $correct));
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var_dump(hash_equals($expected, $incorrect));
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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bool(true)
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bool(false)
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]]>
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</screen>
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</informalexample>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 xml:id="migration56.new-features.debuginfo">
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<title><literal>__debugInfo()</literal></title>
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<para>
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The <link linkend="language.oop5.magic.debuginfo">__debugInfo()</link>
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magic method has been added to allow objects to change the properties and
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values that are shown when the object is output using
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<function>var_dump</function>.
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</para>
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<informalexample>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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class C {
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private $prop;
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public function __construct($val) {
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$this->prop = $val;
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}
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public function __debugInfo() {
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return [
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'propSquared' => $this->prop ** 2,
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];
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}
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}
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var_dump(new C(42));
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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&example.outputs;
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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object(C)#1 (1) {
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["propSquared"]=>
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int(1764)
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}
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]]>
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</screen>
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</informalexample>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 xml:id="migration56.new-features.gost">
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<title>gost-crypto hash algorithm</title>
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<para>
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The <literal>gost-crypto</literal> hash algorithm has been added. This
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implements the GOST hash function using the CryptoPro S-box tables as
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specified by
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<link xlink:href="&url.rfc;4357">RFC 4357, section 11.2</link>.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 xml:id="migration56.new-features.openssl">
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<title>SSL/TLS improvements</title>
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<para>
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A wide range of improvements have been made to the SSL/TLS support in PHP
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5.6. These include
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<link linkend="migration56.incompatible.peer-verification">enabling peer verification by default</link>,
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supporting certificate fingerprint matching, mitigating against TLS
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renegotiation attacks, and many new
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<link linkend="context.ssl">SSL context options</link> to allow more fine
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grained control over protocol and verification settings when using
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encrypted streams.
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</para>
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<para>
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These changes are described in more detail in the
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<link linkend="migration56.openssl">OpenSSL changes in PHP 5.6.x</link>
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section of this migration guide.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 xml:id="migration56.new-features.postgresql">
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<title><link linkend="book.pgsql">pgsql</link> async support</title>
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<para>
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The <link linkend="book.pgsql">pgsql</link> extension now supports
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asynchronous connections and queries, thereby enabling non-blocking
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behaviour when interacting with PostgreSQL databases. Asynchronous
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connections may be established via the
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<constant>PGSQL_CONNECT_ASYNC</constant> constant, and the new
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<function>pg_connect_poll</function>, <function>pg_socket</function>,
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<function>pg_consume_input</function> and <function>pg_flush</function>
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functions may be used to handle asynchronous connections and queries.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
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Local variables:
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mode: sgml
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sgml-omittag:t
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sgml-shorttag:t
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sgml-minimize-attributes:nil
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sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
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sgml-indent-step:1
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sgml-indent-data:t
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indent-tabs-mode:nil
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sgml-parent-document:nil
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sgml-default-dtd-file:"~/.phpdoc/manual.ced"
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sgml-exposed-tags:nil
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sgml-local-catalogs:nil
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sgml-local-ecat-files:nil
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End:
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vim600: syn=xml fen fdm=syntax fdl=2 si
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vim: et tw=78 syn=sgml
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vi: ts=1 sw=1
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-->
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