PDO::sqliteCreateAggregate Registers an aggregating User Defined Function for use in SQL statements &reftitle.description; boolPDO::sqliteCreateAggregate stringfunction_name callbackstep_func callbackfinalize_func intnum_args &warn.experimental.func; PDO::sqliteCreateAggregate is similar to PDO::sqliteCreateFunction except that it registers functions that can be used to calculate a result aggregated across all the rows of a query. The key difference between this function and PDO::sqliteCreateFunction is that two functions are required to manage the aggregate; step_func is called for each row of the result set. Your PHP function should accumulate the result and store it into the aggregation context. Once all the rows have been processed, finalize_func will be called and it should then take the data from the aggregation context and return the result. Callback functions should return a type understood by SQLite (i.e. scalar type). &reftitle.parameters; function_name The name of the function used in SQL statements. step_func Callback function called for each row of the result set. finalize_func Callback function to aggregate the "stepped" data from each row. num_args Hint to the SQLite parser if the callback function accepts a predetermined number of arguments. &reftitle.examples; exec("CREATE TABLE strings(a)"); $insert = $db->prepare('INSERT INTO strings VALUES (?)'); foreach ($data as $str) { $insert->execute(array($str)); } $insert = null; function max_len_step(&$context, $string) { if (strlen($string) > $context) { $context = strlen($string); } } function max_len_finalize(&$context) { return $context; } $db->sqliteCreateAggregate('max_len', 'max_len_step', 'max_len_finalize'); var_dump($db->query('SELECT max_len(a) from strings')->fetchAll()); ?> ]]> In this example, we are creating an aggregating function that will calculate the length of the longest string in one of the columns of the table. For each row, the max_len_step function is called and passed a context parameter. The context parameter is just like any other PHP variable and be set to hold an array or even an object value. In this example, we are simply using it to hold the maximum length we have seen so far; if the string has a length longer than the current maximum, we update the context to hold this new maximum length. After all of the rows have been processed, SQLite calls the max_len_finalize function to determine the aggregate result. Here, we could perform some kind of calculation based on the data found in the context. In our simple example though, we have been calculating the result as the query progressed, so we simply need to return the context value. It is NOT recommended for you to store a copy of the values in the context and then process them at the end, as you would cause SQLite to use a lot of memory to process the query - just think of how much memory you would need if a million rows were stored in memory, each containing a string 32 bytes in length. You can use PDO::sqliteCreateFunction and PDO::sqliteCreateAggregate to override SQLite native SQL functions. This method is not available with the SQLite2 driver. Use the old style sqlite API for that instead. &reftitle.seealso; PDO::sqliteCreateFunction sqlite_create_function sqlite_create_aggregate