<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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  <refentry id="function.utf8-encode">
   <refnamediv>
    <refname>utf8_encode</refname>
    <refpurpose>encodes an ISO-8859-1 string to UTF-8</refpurpose>
   </refnamediv>
   <refsect1>
    <title>Description</title>
     <methodsynopsis>
      <type>string</type><methodname>utf8_encode</methodname>
      <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>data</parameter></methodparam>
     </methodsynopsis>
    <para>
     This function encodes the string <parameter>data</parameter> to
     <literal>UTF-8</literal>, and returns the encoded version.
     <literal>UTF-8</literal> is a standard mechanism used by
     <acronym>Unicode</acronym>for encoding <glossterm>wide
     character</glossterm> values into a byte stream.
     <literal>UTF-8</literal> is transparent to plain
     <abbrev>ASCII</abbrev> characters, is self-synchronized (meaning
     it is possible for a program to figure out where in the
     bytestream characters start) and can be used with normal string
     comparison functions for sorting and such.  PHP encodes
     <literal>UTF-8</literal> characters in up to four bytes, like
     this:
     <table>
      <title>UTF-8 encoding</title>
      <tgroup cols="3">
       <thead>
    <row>
     <entry>bytes</entry>
     <entry>bits</entry>
     <entry>representation</entry>
    </row>
       </thead>
       <tbody>
    <row>
     <entry>1</entry>
     <entry>7</entry>
     <entry>0bbbbbbb</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
     <entry>2</entry>
     <entry>11</entry>
     <entry>110bbbbb 10bbbbbb</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
     <entry>3</entry>
     <entry>16</entry>
     <entry>1110bbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
     <entry>4</entry>
     <entry>21</entry>
     <entry>11110bbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb 10bbbbbb</entry>
    </row>
       </tbody>
      </tgroup>
     </table>
     Each <replaceable>b</replaceable> represents a bit that can be
     used to store character data.
    </para>
   </refsect1>
  </refentry>

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