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<refentry id="function.strftime">
<refnamediv>
<refname>strftime</refname>
<refpurpose>Format a local time/date according to locale settings</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1 role="description">
&reftitle.description;
<methodsynopsis>
<type>string</type><methodname>strftime</methodname>
<methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>format</parameter></methodparam>
<methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>timestamp</parameter></methodparam>
</methodsynopsis>
<para>
Returns a string formatted according to the given format string
using the given <parameter>timestamp</parameter> or the current
local time if no timestamp is given. Month and weekday names and
other language dependent strings respect the current locale set
with <function>setlocale</function>.
</para>
<para>
Not all conversion specifiers may be supported by your C
library, in which case they will not be supported by PHP's
<function>strftime</function>. Additionally, not all platforms
support negative timestamps, therefore your date range may
be limited to no earlier than the Unix epoch. This means that
e.g. %e, %T, %R and %D (there might be more) and dates prior to
<literal>Jan 1, 1970</literal> will not work on Windows, some Linux
distributions, and a few other operating systems. For Windows systems a
complete overview of supported conversion specifiers can be found at this
<ulink url="&url.strftime.win32;"><acronym>MSDN</acronym> website</ulink>.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="parameters">
&reftitle.parameters;
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>format</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The following conversion specifiers are recognized in the format
string:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%a - abbreviated weekday name according to the current locale
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%A - full weekday name according to the current locale
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%b - abbreviated month name according to the current locale
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%B - full month name according to the current locale
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%c - preferred date and time representation for the current
locale
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%C - century number (the year divided by 100 and truncated to
an integer, range 00 to 99)
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%d - day of the month as a decimal number (range 01 to 31)
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%D - same as %m/%d/%y
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%e - day of the month as a decimal number, a single digit is
preceded by a space (range ' 1' to '31')
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%g - like %G, but without the century.
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%G - The 4-digit year corresponding to the ISO week number (see %V).
This has the same format and value as %Y, except that if the ISO week
number belongs to the previous or next year, that year is used
instead.
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%h - same as %b
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%H - hour as a decimal number using a 24-hour clock (range 00
to 23)
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%I - hour as a decimal number using a 12-hour clock (range 01
to 12)
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%j - day of the year as a decimal number (range 001 to 366)
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%m - month as a decimal number (range 01 to 12)
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%M - minute as a decimal number
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%n - newline character
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%p - either `am' or `pm' according to the given time value, or
the corresponding strings for the current locale
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%r - time in a.m. and p.m. notation
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%R - time in 24 hour notation
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%S - second as a decimal number
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%t - tab character
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%T - current time, equal to %H:%M:%S
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%u - weekday as a decimal number [1,7], with 1 representing
Monday
</simpara>
<warning>
<simpara>
Sun Solaris seems to start with Sunday as 1
although ISO 9889:1999 (the current C standard) clearly
specifies that it should be Monday.
</simpara>
</warning>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%U - week number of the current year as a decimal number,
starting with the first Sunday as the first day of the first
week
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%V - The ISO 8601:1988 week number of the current year as a
decimal number, range 01 to 53, where week 1 is the first
week that has at least 4 days in the current year, and with
Monday as the first day of the week. (Use %G or %g for the year
component that corresponds to the week number for the specified
timestamp.)
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%W - week number of the current year as a decimal number,
starting with the first Monday as the first day of the first
week
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%w - day of the week as a decimal, Sunday being 0
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%x - preferred date representation for the current locale
without the time
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%X - preferred time representation for the current locale
without the date
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%y - year as a decimal number without a century (range 00 to
99)
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%Y - year as a decimal number including the century
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%Z or %z - time zone or name or abbreviation
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
%% - a literal `%' character
</simpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
&date.timestamp.description;
</variablelist>
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="errors">
&reftitle.errors;
&date.timezone.errors.description;
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="changelog">
&reftitle.changelog;
<para>
<informaltable>
<tgroup cols="2">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>&Version;</entry>
<entry>&Description;</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
&date.timezone.errors.changelog;
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="examples">
&reftitle.examples;
<para>
This example works if you have the respective locales installed
in your system.
<example>
<title><function>strftime</function> locale examples</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
setlocale(LC_TIME, "C");
echo strftime("%A");
setlocale(LC_TIME, "fi_FI");
echo strftime(" in Finnish is %A,");
setlocale(LC_TIME, "fr_FR");
echo strftime(" in French %A and");
setlocale(LC_TIME, "de_DE");
echo strftime(" in German %A.\n");
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
<example>
<title>ISO 8601:1988 week number example</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
/* December 2002 / January 2003
ISOWk M Tu W Thu F Sa Su
----- ----------------------------
51 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
52 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
1 30 31 1 2 3 4 5
2 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 */
// Outputs: 12/28/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = 52,2002,2002
echo "12/28/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y", strtotime("12/28/2002")) . "\n";
// Outputs: 12/30/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2003,2002
echo "12/30/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y", strtotime("12/30/2002")) . "\n";
// Outputs: 1/3/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2003,2003
echo "1/3/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/3/2003")) . "\n";
// Outputs: 1/10/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = 2,2003,2003
echo "1/10/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/10/2003")) . "\n";
/* December 2004 / January 2005
ISOWk M Tu W Thu F Sa Su
----- ----------------------------
51 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
52 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
53 27 28 29 30 31 1 2
1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 */
// Outputs: 12/23/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = 52,2004,2004
echo "12/23/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("12/23/2004")) . "\n";
// Outputs: 12/31/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = 53,2004,2004
echo "12/31/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("12/31/2004")) . "\n";
// Outputs: 1/2/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = 53,2004,2005
echo "1/2/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/2/2005")) . "\n";
// Outputs: 1/3/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2005,2005
echo "1/3/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/3/2005")) . "\n";
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="notes">
&reftitle.notes;
<note>
<simpara>
%G and %V, which are based on ISO 8601:1988 week numbers can
give unexpected (albeit correct) results if the numbering system
is not thoroughly understood. See %V examples in this manual page.
</simpara>
</note>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 role="seealso">
&reftitle.seealso;
<para>
<simplelist>
<member><function>setlocale</function></member>
<member><function>mktime</function></member>
<member><function>strptime</function></member>
<member><ulink url="&spec.strftime;">Open Group specification of <function>strftime</function></ulink></member>
</simplelist>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
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