To connect to the database server, use one of the following: ]]> Now $connection can be used to get a database.

To select a database, use: dbname; ?> ]]> The database does not need to be created in advance, you can create new databases by selecting them. Be careful of typos! You can inadvertently create a new database, which can cause confusing errors: mybiglongdbname; // do some stuff $db = $connection->mybiglongdbnme; // now connected to a different database! ]]>

Getting a collection has the same syntax as getting a database: baz $collection = $db->foobar; // or, more succinctly $collection = $connection->baz->foobar; ?> ]]>

Associative arrays are the basic object that can be saved to a collection in the database. A somewhat random "document" might be: "MongoDB", "type" => "database", "count" => 1, "info" => (object)array( "x" => 203, "y" => 102), "versions" => array("0.9.7", "0.9.8", "0.9.9") ); ?> ]]> Note that you can have nested arrays and objects. Objects and documents are almost synonymous in MongoDB: you could call $doc a document or an object, but the "info" field is always an object, never a document. This convention is used for all of the documentation. To insert this document, use MongoCollection::insert: foo->bar; $collection->insert( $doc ); ?> ]]>

To show that the document we inserted in the previous step is there, we can do a simple findOne() operation to get the first document in the collection. This method returns a single document (rather than the MongoCursor that MongoCollection::find returns), and it's useful for things where there only is one document matching the query or you are only interested in one result. findOne(); var_dump( $obj ); ?> ]]> and you should see object(MongoId)#6 (0) { } ["name"] string(7) "MongoDB" ["type"]=> string(8) "database" ["count"]=> int(1) ["info"]=> array (2) { ["x"]=> int(203) ["y"]=> int(102) } ["versions"] array(3) { [0]=> string(5) "0.9.7" [1]=> string(5) "0.9.8" [2]=> string(5) "0.9.9" } } ]]> Note the _id field has been added automatically to your document. MongoDB reserves element names that start with _ and $ for internal use.

In order to do more interesting things with queries, let's add multiple simple documents to the collection. These documents will just be value ); ?> ]]> and we can do this fairly efficiently in a loop insert( array( "i" => $i ) ); } ?> ]]> Notice that we can insert arrays with different key sets into the same collection. This aspect is what we mean when we say that MongoDB is "schema-free".

Now that we've inserted 101 documents (the 100 we did in the loop, plus the first one), we can check to see if we have them all using the count() method. count(); ?> ]]> and it should print 101. MongoCollection::count can take query and field arguments, as well. You can also do a count on a MongoCursor (see below), which will take into account any filters you have placed on your query.

In order to get all the documents in the collection, we will use MongoCollection::find. The find() method returns a MongoCursor object which allows us to iterate over the set of documents that matched our query. So to query all of the documents and print them out: find(); foreach ($cursor as $id => $value) { echo "$id: "; var_dump( $value ); } ?> ]]> and that should print all 101 documents in the collection. $id is the _id field of a document, and $value is the document itself.

We can create a query to pass to the find() method to get a subset of the documents in our collection. For example, if we wanted to find the document for which the value of the "i" field is 71, we would do the following: 71 ); $cursor = $collection->find( $query ); while( $cursor->hasNext() ) { var_dump( $cursor->getNext() ); } ?> ]]> and it should just print just one document object(MongoId)#6 (0) { } ["i"]=> int(71) ["_ns"]=> "testCollection" } ]]>

We can use the query to get a set of documents from our collection. For example, if we wanted to get all documents where "i" > 50, we could write: array( '$gt' => 50 ) ); //note the single quotes around '$gt' $cursor = $coll->find( $query ); while( $cursor->hasNext() ) { var_dump( $cursor->getNext() ); } ?> ]]> which should print the documents where i > 50. We could also get a range, say 20 < i <= 30: array( "\$gt" => 20, "\$lte" => 30 ) ); $cursor = $coll->find( $query ); while( $cursor->hasNext() ) { var_dump( $cursor->getNext() ); } ?> ]]> As it is easy to forget to escape the "$", you can also choose your own special character to use instead of '$'. Choose a character that will not occur in your key names, e.g. ":", and add the following line to php.ini: Then the example above would look like: array( ":gt" => 20, ":lte" => 30 ) ); ?> ]]> You can also change it in your code using ini_set("mongo.cmd", ":"). Of course, you can also just use single quotes around the $.

MongoDB supports indexes, and they are very easy to add on a collection. To create an index, you just specify the field that should be indexed, and specify if you want the index to be ascending (1) or descending (-1). The following creates an ascending index on the "i" field : ensureIndex( array( "i" => 1 ) ); // create index on "i" $coll->ensureIndex( array( "i" => -1, "j" => 1 ) ); // index on "i" descending, "j" ascending ?> ]]>

This example connects, inserts objects, queries for objects, iterates through query results, and disconnects from MongoDB. comedy; $collection = $db->cartoons; // add an element $obj = array( "title" => "Calvin and Hobbes", "author" => "Bill Watterson" ); $collection->insert($obj); // add another element, with a different "shape" $obj = array( "title" => "XKCD", "online" => true ); $collection->insert($obj); // find everything in the collection $cursor = $collection->find(); // iterate through the results foreach ($cursor as $obj) { echo $obj["title"] . "\n"; } // disconnect $m->close(); ?> ]]> This would output: