diff --git a/reference/ldap/functions/ldap-bind.xml b/reference/ldap/functions/ldap-bind.xml
index d6d8d0df69..f637ac4351 100644
--- a/reference/ldap/functions/ldap-bind.xml
+++ b/reference/ldap/functions/ldap-bind.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.10 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.ldap-bind" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>ldap_bind</refname>
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>bool</type><methodname>ldap_bind</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>resource</type><parameter>link_identifier</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>bind_rdn</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>bind_password</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>bind_rdn</parameter><initializer>NULL</initializer></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>bind_password</parameter><initializer>NULL</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Binds to the LDAP directory with specified RDN and password. 
diff --git a/reference/ldap/functions/ldap-connect.xml b/reference/ldap/functions/ldap-connect.xml
index 4c08a447d3..98f0d437d7 100644
--- a/reference/ldap/functions/ldap-connect.xml
+++ b/reference/ldap/functions/ldap-connect.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.ldap-connect" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>ldap_connect</refname>
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
   &reftitle.description;
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>resource</type><methodname>ldap_connect</methodname>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>hostname</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>port</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>hostname</parameter><initializer>NULL</initializer></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>port</parameter><initializer>389</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Establishes a connection to a LDAP server on a specified
diff --git a/reference/ldap/functions/ldap-sasl-bind.xml b/reference/ldap/functions/ldap-sasl-bind.xml
index 6c4758024d..52f820c4c4 100755
--- a/reference/ldap/functions/ldap-sasl-bind.xml
+++ b/reference/ldap/functions/ldap-sasl-bind.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version='1.0' encoding='iso-8859-1'?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.7 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.ldap-sasl-bind" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>ldap_sasl_bind</refname>
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>bool</type><methodname>ldap_sasl_bind</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>resource</type><parameter>link</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>binddn</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>password</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>sasl_mech</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>sasl_realm</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>sasl_authc_id</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>sasl_authz_id</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>props</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>binddn</parameter><initializer>NULL</initializer></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>password</parameter><initializer>NULL</initializer></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>sasl_mech</parameter><initializer>NULL</initializer></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>sasl_realm</parameter><initializer>NULL</initializer></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>sasl_authc_id</parameter><initializer>NULL</initializer></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>sasl_authz_id</parameter><initializer>NULL</initializer></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>props</parameter><initializer>NULL</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   &warn.undocumented.func;
  </refsect1>
diff --git a/reference/libxml/functions/libxml-use-internal-errors.xml b/reference/libxml/functions/libxml-use-internal-errors.xml
index 645dcb3f23..cadb99799f 100755
--- a/reference/libxml/functions/libxml-use-internal-errors.xml
+++ b/reference/libxml/functions/libxml-use-internal-errors.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.4 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.5 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.libxml-use-internal-errors" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>libxml_use_internal_errors</refname>
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   &reftitle.description;
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>bool</type><methodname>libxml_use_internal_errors</methodname>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>bool</type><parameter>use_errors</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>bool</type><parameter>use_errors</parameter><initializer>false</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    <function>libxml_use_internal_errors</function> allows you to disable
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-check-encoding.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-check-encoding.xml
index 8c06ca1674..54df946e3c 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-check-encoding.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-check-encoding.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.5 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.6 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-check-encoding" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_check_encoding</refname>
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
   &reftitle.description;
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>bool</type><methodname>mb_check_encoding</methodname>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>var</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>encoding</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>var</parameter><initializer>NULL</initializer></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>encoding</parameter><initializer>mb_internal_encoding()</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Checks if the specified byte stream is valid for the specified encoding.
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-convert-case.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-convert-case.xml
index aaba7d157a..0e723a13ed 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-convert-case.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-convert-case.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.10 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-convert-case" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_convert_case</refname>
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>string</type><methodname>mb_convert_case</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>str</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>mode</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>encoding</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>mode</parameter><initializer>MB_CASE_UPPER</initializer></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>encoding</parameter><initializer>mb_internal_encoding()</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Performs case folding on a <type>string</type>, converted in the way specified by
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-decode-numericentity.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-decode-numericentity.xml
index a53ddab9d0..06811d0d58 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-decode-numericentity.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-decode-numericentity.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.7 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-decode-numericentity" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_decode_numericentity</refname>
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
    <type>string</type><methodname>mb_decode_numericentity</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>str</parameter></methodparam>
    <methodparam><type>array</type><parameter>convmap</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>encoding</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>encoding</parameter></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Convert numeric string reference of <type>string</type>
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-detect-encoding.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-detect-encoding.xml
index cfdce6c4a6..1ac39fbdd3 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-detect-encoding.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-detect-encoding.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-detect-encoding" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_detect_encoding</refname>
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>string</type><methodname>mb_detect_encoding</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>str</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>mixed</type><parameter>encoding_list</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>bool</type><parameter>strict</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>mixed</type><parameter>encoding_list</parameter><initializer>mb_detect_order()</initializer></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>bool</type><parameter>strict</parameter><initializer>false</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Detects character encoding in <type>string</type> <parameter>str</parameter>. 
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-encode-numericentity.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-encode-numericentity.xml
index a716e2feaf..088b2ab704 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-encode-numericentity.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-encode-numericentity.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.7 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-encode-numericentity" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_encode_numericentity</refname>
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
    <type>string</type><methodname>mb_encode_numericentity</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>str</parameter></methodparam>
    <methodparam><type>array</type><parameter>convmap</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>encoding</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>encoding</parameter></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Converts
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-match.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-match.xml
index 38c5234d99..cf39466410 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-match.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-match.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.7 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-ereg-match" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_ereg_match</refname>
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
    <type>bool</type><methodname>mb_ereg_match</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>pattern</parameter></methodparam>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>string</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>option</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>option</parameter><initializer>"msr"</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    A regular expression match for a multibyte string
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-replace.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-replace.xml
index 8110415d52..7abf5f418d 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-replace.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-replace.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-ereg-replace" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_ereg_replace</refname>
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>pattern</parameter></methodparam>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>replacement</parameter></methodparam>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>string</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>option</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>option</parameter><initializer>"msr"</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <simpara>
    Scans <parameter>string</parameter> for matches to
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-search-init.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-search-init.xml
index 0fbe654fe0..7de3a9ef8b 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-search-init.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-search-init.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.10 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.11 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-ereg-search-init" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_ereg_search_init</refname>
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
    <type>bool</type><methodname>mb_ereg_search_init</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>string</parameter></methodparam>
    <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>pattern</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>option</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>option</parameter><initializer>"msr"</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    <function>mb_ereg_search_init</function> sets
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-search-pos.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-search-pos.xml
index fa5fd48d8e..38d3a3b118 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-search-pos.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-search-pos.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.11 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.12 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-ereg-search-pos" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_ereg_search_pos</refname>
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>array</type><methodname>mb_ereg_search_pos</methodname>
    <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>pattern</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>option</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>option</parameter><initializer>"ms"</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Returns position and length of a matched part of the multibyte regular expression 
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-search-regs.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-search-regs.xml
index 02ca299905..978d3fe0e6 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-search-regs.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-search-regs.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.10 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-ereg-search-regs" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_ereg_search_regs</refname>
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>array</type><methodname>mb_ereg_search_regs</methodname>
    <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>pattern</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>option</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>option</parameter><initializer>"ms"</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Returns the matched part of a multibyte regular expression.
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-search.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-search.xml
index c59ef1bcd2..80e2de9ddf 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-search.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-ereg-search.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.10 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-ereg-search" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_ereg_search</refname>
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>bool</type><methodname>mb_ereg_search</methodname>
    <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>pattern</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>option</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>option</parameter><initializer>"ms"</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Performs a multibyte regular expression match for a predefined multibyte string.
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-eregi-replace.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-eregi-replace.xml
index 68ea38daff..8615e723e8 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-eregi-replace.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-eregi-replace.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-eregi-replace" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_eregi_replace</refname>
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>pattern</parameter></methodparam>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>replace</parameter></methodparam>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>string</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>option</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>option</parameter><initializer>"msri"</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <simpara>
    Scans <parameter>string</parameter> for matches to
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-get-info.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-get-info.xml
index c8f2c974df..21af22a6a1 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-get-info.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-get-info.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-get-info" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_get_info</refname>
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   &reftitle.description;
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>mixed</type><methodname>mb_get_info</methodname>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>type</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>type</parameter><initializer>"all"</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <simpara>
    <function>mb_get_info</function> returns the internal setting parameters of mbstring.
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-http-input.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-http-input.xml
index bbf1e7bfb5..983a137500 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-http-input.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-http-input.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.6 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.7 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-http-input" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_http_input</refname>
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   &reftitle.description;
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>mixed</type><methodname>mb_http_input</methodname>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>type</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>type</parameter><initializer>""</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <simpara>
    Detects the HTTP input character encoding.
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-internal-encoding.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-internal-encoding.xml
index 674a510775..83e9887778 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-internal-encoding.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-internal-encoding.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.7 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-internal-encoding" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_internal_encoding</refname>
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   &reftitle.description;
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>mixed</type><methodname>mb_internal_encoding</methodname>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>encoding</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>encoding</parameter><initializer>mb_internal_encoding()</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Set/Get the internal character encoding
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-regex-set-options.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-regex-set-options.xml
index b0060c0e1d..0dacd8e535 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-regex-set-options.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-regex-set-options.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-regex-set-options" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_regex_set_options</refname>
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   &reftitle.description;
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>string</type><methodname>mb_regex_set_options</methodname>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>options</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>options</parameter><initializer>"msr"</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <simpara>
    Sets the default options described by <parameter>options</parameter> 
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-send-mail.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-send-mail.xml
index 42b53502bf..397259e87d 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-send-mail.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-send-mail.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-send-mail" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_send_mail</refname>
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>to</parameter></methodparam>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>subject</parameter></methodparam>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>message</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>additional_headers</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>additional_parameter</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>additional_headers</parameter><initializer>NULL</initializer></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>additional_parameter</parameter><initializer>NULL</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Sends email. Headers and messages are converted and encoded according
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-split.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-split.xml
index 9f500e682b..e2d79b9373 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-split.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-split.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.7 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-split" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_split</refname>
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
    <type>array</type><methodname>mb_split</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>pattern</parameter></methodparam>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>string</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>limit</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>limit</parameter><initializer>-1</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <simpara>
    Split a multibyte
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-strtolower.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-strtolower.xml
index bc42128fd5..88b2407ba8 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-strtolower.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-strtolower.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-strtolower" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_strtolower</refname>
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>string</type><methodname>mb_strtolower</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>str</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>encoding</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>encoding</parameter><initializer>mb_internal_encoding()</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Returns <parameter>str</parameter>
diff --git a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-strtoupper.xml b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-strtoupper.xml
index fc522fbc8b..db29b3c6c4 100644
--- a/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-strtoupper.xml
+++ b/reference/mbstring/functions/mb-strtoupper.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.10 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mb-strtoupper" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mb_strtoupper</refname>
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>string</type><methodname>mb_strtoupper</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>str</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>encoding</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>encoding</parameter><initializer>mb_internal_encoding()</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Returns <parameter>str</parameter>
diff --git a/reference/mcrypt/functions/mcrypt-create-iv.xml b/reference/mcrypt/functions/mcrypt-create-iv.xml
index e55d239ed2..5da86ed268 100644
--- a/reference/mcrypt/functions/mcrypt-create-iv.xml
+++ b/reference/mcrypt/functions/mcrypt-create-iv.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.12 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.13 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mcrypt-create-iv" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mcrypt_create_iv</refname>
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>string</type><methodname>mcrypt_create_iv</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>size</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>source</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>source</parameter><initializer>MCRYPT_DEV_RANDOM</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    <function>mcrypt_create_iv</function> is used to create an IV.
diff --git a/reference/mcrypt/functions/mcrypt-list-algorithms.xml b/reference/mcrypt/functions/mcrypt-list-algorithms.xml
index 3a2f633d90..570dcb7ecd 100644
--- a/reference/mcrypt/functions/mcrypt-list-algorithms.xml
+++ b/reference/mcrypt/functions/mcrypt-list-algorithms.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.7 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mcrypt-list-algorithms" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mcrypt_list_algorithms</refname>
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   &reftitle.description;
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>array</type><methodname>mcrypt_list_algorithms</methodname>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>lib_dir</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>lib_dir</parameter><initializer>ini_get("mcrypt.algorithms_dir")</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    <function>mcrypt_list_algorithms</function> is used to get an
diff --git a/reference/mcrypt/functions/mcrypt-list-modes.xml b/reference/mcrypt/functions/mcrypt-list-modes.xml
index 970fed3f01..55646a48b4 100644
--- a/reference/mcrypt/functions/mcrypt-list-modes.xml
+++ b/reference/mcrypt/functions/mcrypt-list-modes.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.7 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mcrypt-list-modes" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mcrypt_list_modes</refname>
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   &reftitle.description;
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>array</type><methodname>mcrypt_list_modes</methodname>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>lib_dir</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>string</type><parameter>lib_dir</parameter><initializer>ini_get("mcrypt.algorithms_dir")</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    <function>mcrypt_list_modes</function> is used to get an
diff --git a/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-bind.xml b/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-bind.xml
index 460f011dd0..56b6e3cc7a 100644
--- a/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-bind.xml
+++ b/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-bind.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.16 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.17 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id='function.mssql-bind' xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mssql_bind</refname>
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>param_name</parameter></methodparam>
    <methodparam><type>mixed</type><parameter role="reference">var</parameter></methodparam>
    <methodparam><type>int</type><parameter>type</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>bool</type><parameter>is_output</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>bool</type><parameter>is_null</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>maxlen</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>bool</type><parameter>is_output</parameter><initializer>false</initializer></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>bool</type><parameter>is_null</parameter><initializer>false</initializer></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>maxlen</parameter><initializer>-1</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Binds a parameter to a stored procedure or a remote stored procedure.
diff --git a/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-execute.xml b/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-execute.xml
index ab23d2eaee..9f55489c7c 100644
--- a/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-execute.xml
+++ b/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-execute.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.12 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.13 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id='function.mssql-execute' xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mssql_execute</refname>
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>mixed</type><methodname>mssql_execute</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>resource</type><parameter>stmt</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>bool</type><parameter>skip_results</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>bool</type><parameter>skip_results</parameter><initializer>false</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Executes a stored procedure on a MS SQL server database
diff --git a/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-fetch-array.xml b/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-fetch-array.xml
index 51ef8e5d47..0270cbef83 100644
--- a/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-fetch-array.xml
+++ b/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-fetch-array.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.12 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.13 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mssql-fetch-array" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mssql_fetch_array</refname>
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>array</type><methodname>mssql_fetch_array</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>resource</type><parameter>result</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>result_type</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>result_type</parameter><initializer>MSSQL_BOTH</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    <function>mssql_fetch_array</function> is an extended version of
diff --git a/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-fetch-field.xml b/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-fetch-field.xml
index 4222d6dd6b..23a60aa341 100644
--- a/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-fetch-field.xml
+++ b/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-fetch-field.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.7 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mssql-fetch-field" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mssql_fetch_field</refname>
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>object</type><methodname>mssql_fetch_field</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>resource</type><parameter>result</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>field_offset</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>field_offset</parameter><initializer>-1</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    <function>mssql_fetch_field</function> can be used in order to
diff --git a/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-field-length.xml b/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-field-length.xml
index 0e73399245..f992faec98 100644
--- a/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-field-length.xml
+++ b/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-field-length.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.10 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mssql-field-length" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mssql_field_length</refname>
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>int</type><methodname>mssql_field_length</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>resource</type><parameter>result</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>offset</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>offset</parameter><initializer>-1</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Returns the length of field no. <parameter>offset</parameter> in 
diff --git a/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-field-name.xml b/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-field-name.xml
index e87441fbb3..7d32e98bad 100644
--- a/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-field-name.xml
+++ b/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-field-name.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mssql-field-name" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mssql_field_name</refname>
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>string</type><methodname>mssql_field_name</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>resource</type><parameter>result</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>offset</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>offset</parameter><initializer>-1</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Returns the name of field no. <parameter>offset</parameter> in 
diff --git a/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-field-type.xml b/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-field-type.xml
index cc70163d50..689112cc8c 100644
--- a/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-field-type.xml
+++ b/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-field-type.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.10 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mssql-field-type" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mssql_field_type</refname>
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>string</type><methodname>mssql_field_type</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>resource</type><parameter>result</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>offset</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>offset</parameter><initializer>-1</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Returns the type of field no. <parameter>offset</parameter> in 
diff --git a/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-guid-string.xml b/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-guid-string.xml
index 3bfba4b7eb..ea19df900a 100644
--- a/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-guid-string.xml
+++ b/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-guid-string.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.9 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.10 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id='function.mssql-guid-string' xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mssql_guid_string</refname>
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   <methodsynopsis>
    <type>string</type><methodname>mssql_guid_string</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>binary</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>bool</type><parameter>short_format</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>bool</type><parameter>short_format</parameter><initializer>false</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    Converts a 16 byte binary GUID to a string.
diff --git a/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-query.xml b/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-query.xml
index e716c43330..162bfc1d87 100644
--- a/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-query.xml
+++ b/reference/mssql/functions/mssql-query.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.13 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.14 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="function.mssql-query" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>mssql_query</refname>
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
    <type>mixed</type><methodname>mssql_query</methodname>
    <methodparam><type>string</type><parameter>query</parameter></methodparam>
    <methodparam choice="opt"><type>resource</type><parameter>link_identifier</parameter></methodparam>
-   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>batch_size</parameter></methodparam>
+   <methodparam choice="opt"><type>int</type><parameter>batch_size</parameter><initializer>0</initializer></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
    <function>mssql_query</function> sends a query to the currently active