diff --git a/reference/filesystem/functions/basename.xml b/reference/filesystem/functions/basename.xml
index 9649a4a06d..9f9e411704 100644
--- a/reference/filesystem/functions/basename.xml
+++ b/reference/filesystem/functions/basename.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.2 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.3 $ -->
 <!-- splitted from ./en/functions/filesystem.xml, last change in rev 1.2 -->
   <refentry id="function.basename">
    <refnamediv>
@@ -30,9 +30,11 @@
       <title><function>basename</function> example</title>
       <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $path = "/home/httpd/html/index.php";
 $file = basename ($path);        // $file is set to "index.php"
 $file = basename ($path,".php"); // $file is set to "index"
+?>
 ]]>
       </programlisting>
      </example>
diff --git a/reference/filesystem/functions/copy.xml b/reference/filesystem/functions/copy.xml
index f67122c485..0e99bc22f6 100644
--- a/reference/filesystem/functions/copy.xml
+++ b/reference/filesystem/functions/copy.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.4 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.5 $ -->
 <!-- splitted from ./en/functions/filesystem.xml, last change in rev 1.2 -->
   <refentry id="function.copy">
    <refnamediv>
@@ -20,9 +20,11 @@
       <title><function>copy</function> example</title>
       <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 if (!copy($file, $file.'.bak')) {
     print ("failed to copy $file...<br>\n");
 }
+?>
 ]]>
       </programlisting>
      </example>
diff --git a/reference/filesystem/functions/dirname.xml b/reference/filesystem/functions/dirname.xml
index b34c3e2118..218c76bd26 100644
--- a/reference/filesystem/functions/dirname.xml
+++ b/reference/filesystem/functions/dirname.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.4 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.5 $ -->
 <!-- splitted from ./en/functions/filesystem.xml, last change in rev 1.2 -->
   <refentry id="function.dirname">
    <refnamediv>
@@ -26,8 +26,10 @@
       <title><function>dirname</function> example</title>
       <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $path = "/etc/passwd";
 $file = dirname ($path); // $file is set to "/etc"
+?>
 ]]>
       </programlisting>
      </example>
diff --git a/reference/filesystem/functions/fnmatch.xml b/reference/filesystem/functions/fnmatch.xml
index 2e47e7feb4..8546bc5491 100644
--- a/reference/filesystem/functions/fnmatch.xml
+++ b/reference/filesystem/functions/fnmatch.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.1 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.2 $ -->
   <refentry id="function.fnmatch">
    <refnamediv>
     <refname>fnmatch</refname> 
@@ -31,9 +31,11 @@
      </title>
      <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 if(fnmatch("*gr[ae]y", $color)) {
   echo "some form of gray ...";
 }
+?>
 ]]>
      </programlisting>
     </example>
diff --git a/reference/filesystem/functions/fscanf.xml b/reference/filesystem/functions/fscanf.xml
index a7e1b4594d..cf8d8b274e 100644
--- a/reference/filesystem/functions/fscanf.xml
+++ b/reference/filesystem/functions/fscanf.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.7 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
 <!-- splitted from ./en/functions/filesystem.xml, last change in rev 1.2 -->
   <refentry id="function.fscanf">
    <refnamediv>
@@ -34,13 +34,15 @@
      <example>
       <title><function>fscanf</function> Example</title>
       <programlisting role="php">
-	<![CDATA[
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
 $handle = fopen ("users.txt","r");
 while ($userinfo = fscanf ($handle, "%s\t%s\t%s\n")) {
     list ($name, $profession, $countrycode) = $userinfo;
     //... do something with the values
 }
 fclose($handle);
+?>
 ]]>
       </programlisting>
      </example>
diff --git a/reference/filesystem/functions/mkdir.xml b/reference/filesystem/functions/mkdir.xml
index 4c7769f66c..abb8dee2b0 100644
--- a/reference/filesystem/functions/mkdir.xml
+++ b/reference/filesystem/functions/mkdir.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.7 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.8 $ -->
 <!-- splitted from ./en/functions/filesystem.xml, last change in rev 1.39 -->
   <refentry id="function.mkdir">
    <refnamediv>
@@ -36,7 +36,9 @@
      <informalexample>
       <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 mkdir ("/path/to/my/dir", 0700);
+?>
 ]]>
       </programlisting>
      </informalexample>
diff --git a/reference/filesystem/functions/realpath.xml b/reference/filesystem/functions/realpath.xml
index fe32ae5800..3f9708aecb 100644
--- a/reference/filesystem/functions/realpath.xml
+++ b/reference/filesystem/functions/realpath.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.4 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.5 $ -->
 <!-- splitted from ./en/functions/filesystem.xml, last change in rev 1.23 -->
   <refentry id="function.realpath">
    <refnamediv>
@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@
       <title><function>realpath</function> example</title>
       <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $real_path = realpath ("../../index.php");
+?>
 ]]>
       </programlisting>
      </example>
diff --git a/reference/filesystem/functions/tempnam.xml b/reference/filesystem/functions/tempnam.xml
index 43055c9c46..4243618c0c 100644
--- a/reference/filesystem/functions/tempnam.xml
+++ b/reference/filesystem/functions/tempnam.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.3 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.4 $ -->
 <!-- splitted from ./en/functions/filesystem.xml, last change in rev 1.2 -->
   <refentry id="function.tempnam">
    <refnamediv>
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
       <title><function>tempnam</function> example</title>
       <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $tmpfname = tempnam ("/tmp", "FOO");
 
 $handle = fopen($tmpfname, "w");
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ fclose($handle);
 // do here something
 
 unlink($tmpfname);
+?>
 ]]>
       </programlisting>
      </example>
diff --git a/reference/filesystem/functions/tmpfile.xml b/reference/filesystem/functions/tmpfile.xml
index 12faca4b1d..fad1067c2f 100644
--- a/reference/filesystem/functions/tmpfile.xml
+++ b/reference/filesystem/functions/tmpfile.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.3 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.4 $ -->
 <!-- splitted from ./en/functions/filesystem.xml, last change in rev 1.32 -->
   <refentry id="function.tmpfile">
    <refnamediv>
@@ -29,9 +29,11 @@
       <title><function>tmpfile</function> example</title>
       <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $temp = tmpfile();
 fwrite($temp, "writing to tempfile");
 fclose($temp); // this removes the file
+?>
 ]]>
       </programlisting>
      </example>
diff --git a/reference/filesystem/functions/touch.xml b/reference/filesystem/functions/touch.xml
index aa1d3877f6..601442fe06 100644
--- a/reference/filesystem/functions/touch.xml
+++ b/reference/filesystem/functions/touch.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.4 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.5 $ -->
 <!-- splitted from ./en/functions/filesystem.xml, last change in rev 1.2 -->
   <refentry id="function.touch">
    <refnamediv>
@@ -33,12 +33,14 @@
       <title><function>touch</function> example</title>
       <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 if (touch ($FileName)) {
     print "$FileName modification time has been 
            changed to todays date and time";
 } else {
     print "Sorry Could Not change modification time of $FileName";
 }
+?>
 ]]>
       </programlisting>
      </example>