From c585222898f7d9cac60413f90b4e6c870e5d8701 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Philip Olson <philip@php.net>
Date: Tue, 21 Jan 2003 07:17:32 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] Added <?php ?>, and missing CDATA's.

git-svn-id: https://svn.php.net/repository/phpdoc/en/trunk@112919 c90b9560-bf6c-de11-be94-00142212c4b1
---
 language/types.xml | 107 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 104 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/language/types.xml b/language/types.xml
index 86f2a1c57f..4779231790 100644
--- a/language/types.xml
+++ b/language/types.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.103 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.104 $ -->
  <chapter id="language.types">
   <title>Types</title>
 
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@
     <informalexample>
      <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $bool = TRUE;   // a boolean
 $str  = "foo";  // a string
 $int  = 12;     // an integer
@@ -144,6 +145,7 @@ if (is_int($int)) {
 if (is_string($bool)) {
     echo "String: $bool";
 }
+?>
 ]]>
      </programlisting>
     </informalexample>
@@ -185,7 +187,9 @@ if (is_string($bool)) {
       <informalexample>
        <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $foo = True; // assign the value TRUE to $foo
+?>
 ]]>
        </programlisting>
       </informalexample>
@@ -199,6 +203,7 @@ $foo = True; // assign the value TRUE to $foo
       <informalexample>
        <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 // == is an operator which test
 // equality and returns a boolean
 if ($action == "show_version") {
@@ -214,6 +219,7 @@ if ($show_separators == TRUE) {
 if ($show_separators) {
     echo "<hr>\n";
 }
+?>
 ]]>
        </programlisting>
       </informalexample>
@@ -283,6 +289,7 @@ if ($show_separators) {
        <informalexample>
         <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 echo gettype((bool) "");        // bool(false)
 echo gettype((bool) 1);         // bool(true)
 echo gettype((bool) -2);        // bool(true)
@@ -290,6 +297,7 @@ echo gettype((bool) "foo");     // bool(true)
 echo gettype((bool) 2.3e5);     // bool(true)
 echo gettype((bool) array(12)); // bool(true)
 echo gettype((bool) array());   // bool(false)
+?>
 ]]>
         </programlisting>
        </informalexample>
@@ -325,10 +333,12 @@ echo gettype((bool) array());   // bool(false)
        <title>Integer literals</title>
        <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $a = 1234; # decimal number
 $a = -123; # a negative number
 $a = 0123; # octal number (equivalent to 83 decimal)
 $a = 0x1A; # hexadecimal number (equivalent to 26 decimal)
+?>
 ]]>
        </programlisting>
       </example>
@@ -336,6 +346,7 @@ $a = 0x1A; # hexadecimal number (equivalent to 26 decimal)
       <informalexample>
        <programlisting>
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 decimal     : [1-9][0-9]*
             | 0
 
@@ -346,6 +357,7 @@ octal       : 0[0-7]+
 integer     : [+-]?decimal
             | [+-]?hexadecimal
             | [+-]?octal
+?>
 ]]>
        </programlisting>
       </informalexample>
@@ -368,6 +380,7 @@ integer     : [+-]?decimal
       <informalexample>
        <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $large_number =  2147483647;
 var_dump($large_number);
 // output: int(2147483647)
@@ -384,6 +397,7 @@ $million = 1000000;
 $large_number =  50000 * $million;
 var_dump($large_number);
 // output: float(50000000000)
+?>
 ]]>
        </programlisting>
       </informalexample>
@@ -410,9 +424,11 @@ var_dump($large_number);
       <informalexample>
        <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 var_dump(25/7);         // float(3.5714285714286) 
 var_dump((int) (25/7)); // int(3)
 var_dump(round(25/7));  // float(4) 
+?>
 ]]>
        </programlisting>
       </informalexample>
@@ -467,7 +483,9 @@ var_dump(round(25/7));  // float(4)
         <informalexample>
          <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 echo (int) ( (0.1+0.7) * 10 ); // echoes 7!
+?>
 ]]>
          </programlisting>
         </informalexample>
@@ -511,7 +529,13 @@ echo (int) ( (0.1+0.7) * 10 ); // echoes 7!
     specified using any of the following syntaxes: 
     <informalexample>
      <programlisting role="php">
-$a = 1.234; $a = 1.2e3; $a = 7E-10;
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
+$a = 1.234; 
+$b = 1.2e3; 
+$c = 7E-10;
+?>
+]]>
      </programlisting>
     </informalexample>
     Formally:
@@ -641,6 +665,7 @@ EXPONENT_DNUM ( ({LNUM} | {DNUM}) [eE][+-]? {LNUM})
       <informalexample>
        <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 echo 'this is a simple string';
 echo 'You can also have embedded newlines in strings
 this way';
@@ -652,6 +677,7 @@ echo 'Are you sure you want to delete C:\*.*?';
 // output: ... delete C:\*.*?
 echo 'I am trying to include at this point: \n a newline';
 // output: ... this point: \n a newline
+?>
 ]]>
        </programlisting>
       </informalexample>
@@ -841,10 +867,12 @@ EOT;
       <informalexample>
        <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $beer = 'Heineken';
 echo "$beer's taste is great"; // works, "'" is an invalid character for varnames
 echo "He drank some $beers";   // won't work, 's' is a valid character for varnames
 echo "He drank some ${beer}s"; // works
+?>
 ]]>
        </programlisting>
       </informalexample>
@@ -865,6 +893,7 @@ echo "He drank some ${beer}s"; // works
       <informalexample>
        <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $fruits = array('strawberry' => 'red', 'banana' => 'yellow');
 
 // note that this works differently outside string-quotes
@@ -874,7 +903,7 @@ echo "This square is $square->width meters broad.";
 
 // Won't work. For a solution, see the complex syntax.
 echo "This square is $square->width00 centimeters broad.";
-
+?>
 ]]>
 <!-- XXX this won't work:
 echo "This square is $square->{width}00 centimeters broad."; 
@@ -907,6 +936,7 @@ echo "This square is $square->{width}00 centimeters broad.";
      <informalexample>
       <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $great = 'fantastic';
 echo "This is { $great}"; // won't work, outputs: This is { fantastic}
 echo "This is {$great}";  // works, outputs: This is fantastic
@@ -920,6 +950,7 @@ echo "This is wrong: {$arr[foo][3]}";
 echo "You should do it this way: {$arr['foo'][3]}";
 echo "You can even write {$obj->values[3]->name}";
 echo "This is the value of the var named $name: {${$name}}";
+?>
 ]]>
 <!-- maybe it's better to leave this out?? 
 // this works, but i disencourage its use, since this is NOT 
@@ -1084,6 +1115,7 @@ $last = $str{strlen($str)-1};
     <informalexample>
      <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $foo = 1 + "10.5";              // $foo is float (11.5)
 $foo = 1 + "-1.3e3";            // $foo is float (-1299)
 $foo = 1 + "bob-1.3e3";         // $foo is integer (1)
@@ -1092,6 +1124,7 @@ $foo = 1 + "10 Small Pigs";     // $foo is integer (11)
 $foo = 4 + "10.2 Little Piggies"; // $foo is float (14.2)
 $foo = "10.0 pigs " + 1;        // $foo is float (11)
 $foo = "10.0 pigs " + 1.0;      // $foo is float (11)     
+?>
 ]]>
      </programlisting>
     </informalexample>
@@ -1106,7 +1139,9 @@ $foo = "10.0 pigs " + 1.0;      // $foo is float (11)
      <informalexample>
       <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 echo "\$foo==$foo; type is " . gettype ($foo) . "<br />\n";
+?>
 ]]>
       </programlisting>
      </informalexample>
@@ -1169,7 +1204,9 @@ array( <optional> <replaceable>key</replaceable> =&gt; </optional> <replaceable
       <informalexample>
        <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 array("foo" => "bar", 12 => true);
+?>
 ]]>
        </programlisting>
       </informalexample>
@@ -1189,7 +1226,9 @@ array("foo" => "bar", 12 => true);
       <informalexample>
        <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 array("somearray" => array(6 => 5, 13 => 9, "a" => 43));
+?>
 ]]>
        </programlisting>
       </informalexample>
@@ -1205,11 +1244,13 @@ array("somearray" => array(6 => 5, 13 => 9, "a" => 43));
       <informalexample>
        <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 // This array is the same as ...
 array(5 => 43, 32, 56, "b" => 12);
 
 // ...this array
 array(5 => 43, 6 => 32, 7 => 56, "b" => 12);
+?>
 ]]>
        </programlisting>
       </informalexample>
@@ -1254,6 +1295,7 @@ $arr[] = <replaceable>value</replaceable>;
       <informalexample>
        <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $arr = array(5 => 1, 12 => 2);
 
 $arr[] = 56;    // This is the same as $arr[13] = 56;
@@ -1265,6 +1307,7 @@ $arr["x"] = 42; // This adds a new element to
 unset($arr[5]); // This removes the element from the array
 
 unset($arr);    // This deletes the whole array
+?>
 ]]> 
        </programlisting>
       </informalexample>
@@ -1288,6 +1331,7 @@ unset($arr);    // This deletes the whole array
       <informalexample>
        <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $a = array(1 => 'one', 2 => 'two', 3 => 'three');
 unset($a[2]);
 /* will produce an array that would have been defined as
@@ -1298,6 +1342,7 @@ unset($a[2]);
 
 $b = array_values($a);
 // Now b is array(1 => 'one', 2 =>'three')
+?>
 ]]>
       </programlisting>
      </informalexample>
@@ -1323,9 +1368,11 @@ $b = array_values($a);
       <informalexample>
        <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $foo[bar] = 'enemy';
 echo $foo[bar];
 // etc
+?>
 ]]>
        </programlisting>
       </informalexample>
@@ -1344,7 +1391,9 @@ echo $foo[bar];
       <informalexample>
        <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 echo $arr[foo(true)];        
+?>
 ]]>
        </programlisting>
       </informalexample>
@@ -1356,9 +1405,11 @@ echo $arr[foo(true)];
       <informalexample>
        <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $error_descriptions[E_ERROR]   = "A fatal error has occured";
 $error_descriptions[E_WARNING] = "PHP issued a warning";
 $error_descriptions[E_NOTICE]  = "This is just an informal notice";
+?>
 ]]>
        </programlisting>
       </informalexample>
@@ -1368,9 +1419,11 @@ $error_descriptions[E_NOTICE]  = "This is just an informal notice";
       <informalexample>
        <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $error_descriptions[1] = "A fatal error has occured";
 $error_descriptions[2] = "PHP issued a warning";
 $error_descriptions[8] = "This is just an informal notice";
+?>
 ]]>
        </programlisting>
       </informalexample>
@@ -1473,6 +1526,7 @@ line <b>10</b><br />
       <informalexample>
        <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 // this
 $a = array( 'color' => 'red',
             'taste' => 'sweet',
@@ -1493,6 +1547,7 @@ $b[] = 'b';
 $b[] = 'c';
 // will result in the array array(0 => 'a' , 1 => 'b' , 2 => 'c'),
 // or simply array('a', 'b', 'c')
+?>
 ]]>
        </programlisting>
       </informalexample>
@@ -1502,6 +1557,7 @@ $b[] = 'c';
      <title>Using array()</title>
      <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 // Array as (property-)map
 $map = array( 'version'    => 4,
               'OS'         => 'Linux',
@@ -1530,6 +1586,7 @@ $switching = array(         10, // key = 0
                   
 // empty array
 $empty = array();         
+?>
 ]]>
 <!-- TODO example of
 - overwriting keys
@@ -1543,6 +1600,7 @@ $empty = array();
      <title>Collection</title>
      <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $colors = array('red', 'blue', 'green', 'yellow');
 
 foreach ($colors as $color) {
@@ -1555,6 +1613,7 @@ Do you like blue?
 Do you like green?
 Do you like yellow?
 */
+?>
 ]]>
      </programlisting>
     </example>
@@ -1573,6 +1632,7 @@ Do you like yellow?
       <title>Collection</title>
       <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 foreach ($colors as $key => $color) {
     // won't work:
     //$color = strtoupper($color);
@@ -1591,6 +1651,7 @@ Array
     [3] => YELLOW
 )
 */
+?>
 ]]>
       </programlisting>
      </example>
@@ -1601,6 +1662,7 @@ Array
       <title>One-based index</title>
       <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $firstquarter  = array(1 => 'January', 'February', 'March');
 print_r($firstquarter);
 
@@ -1626,6 +1688,7 @@ while ($file = readdir($handle)) {
     $files[] = $file;
 }
 closedir($handle); 
+?>
 ]]>
      </programlisting>
     </example>
@@ -1640,8 +1703,10 @@ closedir($handle);
      <title>Sorting array</title>
      <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 sort($files);
 print_r($files);
+?>
 ]]>
      </programlisting>
     </example>
@@ -1654,6 +1719,7 @@ print_r($files);
      <title>Recursive and multi-dimensional arrays</title>
      <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $fruits = array ( "fruits"  => array ( "a" => "orange",
                                        "b" => "banana",
                                        "c" => "apple"
@@ -1678,6 +1744,7 @@ unset($fruits["holes"][0]);  // remove "first"
 
 // Create a new multi-dimensional array
 $juices["apple"]["green"] = "good"; 
+?>
 ]]>
      </programlisting>
     </example>
@@ -1688,6 +1755,7 @@ $juices["apple"]["green"] = "good";
      <informalexample>
       <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $arr1 = array(2, 3);
 $arr2 = $arr1;
 $arr2[] = 4; // $arr2 is changed,
@@ -1695,6 +1763,7 @@ $arr2[] = 4; // $arr2 is changed,
              
 $arr3 = &$arr1;
 $arr3[] = 4; // now $arr1 and $arr3 are the same
+?>
 ]]>
       </programlisting>
      </informalexample>
@@ -1749,8 +1818,12 @@ $bar->do_foo();
      value.
      <informalexample>
       <programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
 $obj = (object) 'ciao';
 echo $obj-&gt;scalar;  // outputs 'ciao'
+?>
+]]>
       </programlisting>
      </informalexample>
     </para>
@@ -1854,7 +1927,11 @@ echo $obj-&gt;scalar;  // outputs 'ciao'
      the case-insensitive keyword &null;.
      <informalexample>
       <programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
 $var = NULL;       
+]]>
+?>
       </programlisting>
      </informalexample>
     </para>
@@ -1979,6 +2056,8 @@ call_user_function(array("foo", "bar")); // static class method call
     how the operands are evaluated.
     <informalexample>
      <programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
 $foo = "0";  // $foo is string (ASCII 48)
 <!-- bad example, no real operator (must be used with variable, modifies it too)
 $foo++;      // $foo is the string "1" (ASCII 49)
@@ -2005,6 +2084,8 @@ examples:
 - -'abc' = 'abc'
 
 -->
+?>
+]]>
      </programlisting>
     </informalexample>
    </para>
@@ -2031,8 +2112,12 @@ examples:
     <para>
      <informalexample>
       <programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
 $a = "1";     // $a is a string
 $a[0] = "f";  // What about string offsets? What happens?
+?>
+]]>
       </programlisting>
      </informalexample>
     </para>
@@ -2052,8 +2137,12 @@ $a[0] = "f";  // What about string offsets? What happens?
      above: 
      <informalexample>
       <programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
 $a    = "abc"; // $a is a string
 $a{1} = "f";   // $a is now "afc"
+?>
+]]>
       </programlisting>
      </informalexample>
      See the section titled <link linkend="language.types.string.substr">String
@@ -2070,8 +2159,12 @@ $a{1} = "f";   // $a is now "afc"
      is to be cast.
      <informalexample>
       <programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
 $foo = 10;   // $foo is an integer
 $bar = (boolean) $foo;   // $bar is a boolean
+?>
+]]>
       </programlisting>
      </informalexample>
     </para>
@@ -2103,8 +2196,12 @@ $bar = (boolean) $foo;   // $bar is a boolean
      the following are functionally equivalent:
      <informalexample>
       <programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
 $foo = (int) $bar;
 $foo = ( int ) $bar;
+?>
+]]>
       </programlisting>
      </informalexample>
     </para>
@@ -2114,6 +2211,8 @@ $foo = ( int ) $bar;
       the variable in double quotes.
      <informalexample>
       <programlisting role="php">
+<![CDATA[
+<?php
 $foo = 10;            // $foo is an integer
 $str = "$foo";        // $str is a string
 $fst = (string) $foo; // $fst is also a string
@@ -2122,6 +2221,8 @@ $fst = (string) $foo; // $fst is also a string
 if ($fst === $str) {
     echo "they are the same";
 }
+?>
+]]>
       </programlisting>
      </informalexample>
      </para>