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git-svn-id: https://svn.php.net/repository/phpdoc/en/trunk@21173 c90b9560-bf6c-de11-be94-00142212c4b1
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Egon Schmid 2000-03-07 18:00:20 +00:00
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203
functions/http.xml
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@ -3,9 +3,10 @@
<titleabbrev>HTTP</titleabbrev>
<partintro>
<simpara>
These functions let you manipulate the output sent back to the
remote browser right down to the HTTP protocol level.</simpara>
<simpara>
These functions let you manipulate the output sent back to the
remote browser right down to the HTTP protocol level.
</simpara>
</partintro>
<refentry id="function.header">
@ -25,44 +26,57 @@
header strings. See the <ulink url="&spec.http1.1;">HTTP 1.1
Specification</ulink> for more information on raw http headers.
<emphasis>Note:</emphasis> Remember that the
<function>Header</function> function must be called before any actual
output is sent either by normal HTML tags or from PHP. It is a very
common error to read code with <function>include</function> or with
auto_prepend and have spaces or empty lines in this code that force
output before <function>header</function> is called.</para>
<para>
There are two special-case header calls. The first is the &quot;Location&quot;
header. Not only does it send this header back to the browser, it also returns
a REDIRECT status code to Apache. From a script writer's point of view this
should not be important, but for people who understand Apache internals it is
important to understand.
<informalexample><programlisting role="php">
header("Location: http://www.php.net"); /* Redirect browser to PHP web site */
exit; /* Make sure that code below does not get executed when we redirect. */
</programlisting></informalexample></para>
<para>
The second special-case is any header that starts with the string, &quot;HTTP/&quot;
(case is not significant). For example, if you have your ErrorDocument 404 Apache
directive pointed to a PHP script, it would be a good idea to make sure that your
PHP script is actually generating a 404. The first thing you do in your script should
then be:
<informalexample><programlisting role="php">
header("http/1.0 404 Not Found");
</programlisting></informalexample>
</para>
<function>Header</function> function must be called before any
actual output is sent either by normal HTML tags or from PHP. It
is a very common error to read code with
<function>include</function> or with auto_prepend and have spaces
or empty lines in this code that force output before
<function>header</function> is called.
</para>
<para>
There are two special-case header calls. The first is the
&quot;Location&quot; header. Not only does it send this header
back to the browser, it also returns a REDIRECT status code to
Apache. From a script writer's point of view this should not be
important, but for people who understand Apache internals it is
important to understand.
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
header ("Location: http://www.php.net"); /* Redirect browser
to PHP web site */
exit; /* Make sure that code below does
not get executed when we redirect. */
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
<para>
The second special-case is any header that starts with the
string, &quot;HTTP/&quot; (case is not significant). For
example, if you have your ErrorDocument 404 Apache directive
pointed to a PHP script, it would be a good idea to make sure
that your PHP script is actually generating a 404. The first
thing you do in your script should then be:
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
header ("http/1.0 404 Not Found");
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
<para>
PHP scripts often generate dynamic HTML that must not be cached
by the client browser or any proxy caches between the server and the
client browser. Many proxies and clients can be forced to disable
caching with
<informalexample><programlisting role="php">
header("Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT"); // Date in the past
header("Last-Modified: " . gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s") . " GMT"); // always modified
header("Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate"); // HTTP/1.1
header("Pragma: no-cache"); // HTTP/1.0
</programlisting></informalexample></para>
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
header ("Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT"); // Date in the past
header ("Last-Modified: " . gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s") . " GMT");
// always modified
header ("Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate"); // HTTP/1.1
header ("Pragma: no-cache"); // HTTP/1.0
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
@ -88,92 +102,95 @@ header("http/1.0 404 Not Found");
<emphasis>before</emphasis> any other headers are sent (this is a
restriction of cookies, not PHP). This requires you to place
calls to this function before any <literal>&lt;html></literal> or
<literal>&lt;head></literal> tags.</para>
<literal>&lt;head></literal> tags.
</para>
<para>
All the arguments except the <parameter>name</parameter> argument are
optional. If only the name argument is present, the cookie by that
name will be deleted from the remote client. You may also replace
any argument with an empty string (<emphasis>&quot;&quot;</emphasis>)
in order to skip that argument. The <parameter>expire</parameter>
and <parameter>secure</parameter> arguments are integers
and cannot be skipped with an empty string. Use a zero
(<emphasis>0</emphasis>) instead. The <parameter>expire</parameter>
argument is a regular Unix time integer as returned by the
<function>time</function> or <function>mktime</function> functions.
The <parameter>secure</parameter> indicates that the cookie should
only be transmitted over a secure HTTPS connection.</para>
All the arguments except the <parameter>name</parameter> argument
are optional. If only the name argument is present, the cookie
by that name will be deleted from the remote client. You may
also replace any argument with an empty string
(<emphasis>&quot;&quot;</emphasis>) in order to skip that
argument. The <parameter>expire</parameter> and
<parameter>secure</parameter> arguments are integers and cannot
be skipped with an empty string. Use a zero
(<emphasis>0</emphasis>) instead. The
<parameter>expire</parameter> argument is a regular Unix time
integer as returned by the <function>time</function> or
<function>mktime</function> functions. The
<parameter>secure</parameter> indicates that the cookie should
only be transmitted over a secure HTTPS connection.
</para>
<para>
Common Pitfalls:</para>
Common Pitfalls:
</para>
<simpara>
Cookies will not become visible until the next loading of a page that
the cookie should be visible for.</simpara>
the cookie should be visible for.
</simpara>
<simpara>
Multiple calls to <function>setcookie</function> in the same
script will be performed in reverse order. If you are trying to
delete one cookie before inserting another you should put the
insert before the delete.</simpara>
insert before the delete.
</simpara>
<para>
Some examples follow:
<example>
<title><function>setcookie</function> examples</title>
<programlisting role="php">
setcookie("TestCookie","Test Value");
setcookie("TestCookie",$value,time()+3600); /* expire in 1 hour */
setcookie("TestCookie",$value,time()+3600,"/~rasmus/",".utoronto.ca",1);
</programlisting></example></para>
setcookie ("TestCookie", "Test Value");
setcookie ("TestCookie", $value,time()+3600); /* expire in 1 hour */
setcookie ("TestCookie", $value,time()+3600, "/~rasmus/", ".utoronto.ca", 1);
</programlisting>
</example>
</para>
<para>
Note that the value portion of the cookie will automatically be
urlencoded when you send the cookie, and when it is received, it
is automatically decoded and assigned to a variable by the same
name as the cookie name. To see the contents of our test
cookie in a script, simply use one of the following examples:
<informalexample><programlisting role="php">
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
echo $TestCookie;
echo $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS["TestCookie"];
</programlisting></informalexample></para>
<para>
You may also set array cookies by using array notation in the
cookie name. This has the effect of setting as many cookies as
you have array elements, but when the cookie is received by your
script, the values are all placed in an array with the cookie's
name:
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
setcookie( "cookie[three]", "cookiethree" );
setcookie( "cookie[two]", "cookietwo" );
setcookie( "cookie[one]", "cookieone" );
if ( isset( $cookie ) ) {
while( list( $name, $value ) = each( $cookie ) ) {
echo "$name == $value&lt;br&gt;\n";
}
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
<para>
You may also set array cookies by using array notation in the
cookie name. This has the effect of setting as many cookies as
you have array elements, but when the cookie is received by your
script, the values are all placed in an array with the cookie's
name:
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
setcookie ("cookie[three]", "cookiethree");
setcookie ("cookie[two]", "cookietwo");
setcookie ("cookie[one]", "cookieone");
if (isset ($cookie)) {
while (list ($name, $value) = each ($cookie)) {
echo "$name == $value&lt;br>\n";
}
}
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
<para>
For more information on cookies, see Netscape's cookie
specification at <ulink url="&spec.cookies;">&spec.cookies;</ulink>.</para>
specification at <ulink
url="&spec.cookies;">&spec.cookies;</ulink>.
</para>
<simpara>
Microsoft Internet Explorer 4 with Service Pack 1 applied does
not correctly deal with cookies that have their path parameter
set.</simpara>
set.
</simpara>
<simpara>
Netscape Communicator 4.05 and Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.x
appear to handle cookies incorrectly when the path and time
are not set.</simpara>
are not set.
</simpara>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
@ -189,7 +206,7 @@ sgml-always-quote-attributes:t
sgml-indent-step:1
sgml-indent-data:t
sgml-parent-document:nil
sgml-default-dtd-file:"../manual.ced"
sgml-default-dtd-file:"../../manual.ced"
sgml-exposed-tags:nil
sgml-local-catalogs:nil
sgml-local-ecat-files:nil