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Some grammar and factual fixes.

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git-svn-id: https://svn.php.net/repository/phpdoc/en/trunk@132357 c90b9560-bf6c-de11-be94-00142212c4b1
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Torben Wilson 2003-06-18 17:59:25 +00:00
parent 820e7d0b38
commit 7c4099cc62
1 changed files with 106 additions and 54 deletions
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160
language/types.xml
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<!-- $Revision: 1.115 $ -->
<!-- $Revision: 1.116 $ -->
<chapter id="language.types">
<title>Types</title>
@ -1239,12 +1239,12 @@ echo "\$foo==$foo; type is " . gettype ($foo) . "<br />\n";
hashtable (which is an implementation of a map),
dictionary, collection,
stack, queue and probably more. Because you can have another
PHP-array as a value, you can also quite easily simulate
PHP array as a value, you can also quite easily simulate
trees.
</para>
<para>
Explanation of those structures is beyond the scope of this manual,
but you'll find at least one example for each of those structures.
Explanation of those data structures is beyond the scope of this
manual, but you'll find at least one example for each of them.
For more information we refer you to external literature about
this broad topic.
</para>
@ -1263,13 +1263,11 @@ echo "\$foo==$foo; type is " . gettype ($foo) . "<br />\n";
</para>
<para>
<synopsis>
array( <optional> <replaceable>key</replaceable> =&gt; </optional> <replaceable
>value</replaceable>
array( <optional> <replaceable>key</replaceable> =&gt; </optional> <replaceable>value</replaceable>
, ...
)
// <replaceable>key</replaceable> is either <type>string</type
> or nonnegative <type>integer</type>
// <replaceable>value</replaceable> can be anything
// <replaceable>key</replaceable> may be an <type>integer</type> or <type>string</type>
// <replaceable>value</replaceable> may be any value
</synopsis>
</para>
<para>
@ -1287,14 +1285,14 @@ echo $arr[12]; // 1
</informalexample>
</para>
<para>
A <varname>key</varname> is either an <type>integer</type>
or a <type>string</type>. If a key is the standard representation
of an <type>integer</type>, it will be interpreted as such (i.e.
<literal>"8"</literal> will be interpreted as <literal>8</literal>,
while <literal>"08"</literal> will be interpreted as
<literal>"08"</literal>). There are no different indexed and
associative array types in PHP, there is only one array type,
which can both contain integer and string indices.
A <varname>key</varname> may be either an integer
<type>string</type>. If a key is the standard representation of
an <type>integer</type>, it will be interpreted as such (i.e.
<literal>"8"</literal> will be interpreted as
<literal>8</literal>, while <literal>"08"</literal> will be
interpreted as <literal>"08"</literal>). There are no different
indexed and associative array types in PHP; there is only one
array type, which can both contain integer and string indices.
</para>
<para>
A value can be of any PHP type.
@ -1313,13 +1311,14 @@ echo $arr["somearray"]["a"]; // 42
</informalexample>
</para>
<para>
If you omit a key, the maximum of the integer-indices is taken, and
the new key will be that maximum + 1. As integers can be negative,
this is also true for negative indices. Having e.g. the highest index
being <literal>-6</literal> will result in <literal>-5</literal> being
the new key. If no integer-indices exist
yet, the key will be <literal>0</literal> (zero). If you specify a key
that already has a value assigned to it, that value will be overwritten.
If you provide the brackets without specifying a key, then the
maximum of the integer indices is taken, and the new key will be
that maximum value + 1--unless that maximum value is negative
(is it perfectly legal to have negative array indices). In this
case, the new key will be <literal>0</literal>. If no integer
indices exist yet, the key will be <literal>0</literal>
(zero). If you specify a key that already has a value assigned
to it, that value will be overwritten.
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
@ -1335,13 +1334,13 @@ array(5 => 43, 6 => 32, 7 => 56, "b" => 12);
</informalexample>
</para>
<para>
Using &true; as a key will evalute to
<type>integer</type> <literal>1</literal> as key. Using
&false; as a key will evalute to <type>integer</type>
<literal>0</literal> as key. Using <literal>NULL</literal> as a key
will evaluate to an empty string. Using an emptry string as key will
create (or overwrite) a key with an empty string and its value, it is
not the same as using empty brackets.
Using &true; as a key will evaluate to <type>integer</type>
<literal>1</literal> as key. Using &false; as a key will evaluate
to <type>integer</type> <literal>0</literal> as key. Using
<literal>NULL</literal> as a key will evaluate to the empty
string. Using the empty string as key will create (or overwrite)
a key with the empty string and its value; it is not the same as
using empty brackets.
</para>
<para>
You cannot use arrays or objects as keys. Doing so will result in a
@ -1352,19 +1351,18 @@ array(5 => 43, 6 => 32, 7 => 56, "b" => 12);
<sect3 id="language.types.array.syntax.modifying">
<title>Creating/modifying with square-bracket syntax</title>
<para>
You can also modify an existing array, by explicitly setting
You can also modify an existing array by explicitly setting
values in it.
</para>
<para>
This is done by assigning values to the array while specifying the
key in brackets. You can also omit the key, add an empty pair
of brackets ("<literal>[]</literal>") to the variable-name in that case.
of brackets ("<literal>[]</literal>") to the variable name in that case.
<synopsis>
$arr[<replaceable>key</replaceable>] = <replaceable>value</replaceable>;
$arr[] = <replaceable>value</replaceable>;
// <replaceable>key</replaceable> is either <type>string</type
> or nonnegative <type>integer</type>
// <replaceable>value</replaceable> can be anything
// <replaceable>key</replaceable> may be an <type>integer</type> or <type>string</type>
// <replaceable>value</replaceable> may be any value
</synopsis>
If <varname>$arr</varname> doesn't exist yet, it will be created.
So this is also an alternative way to specify an array.
@ -1393,23 +1391,78 @@ unset($arr); // This deletes the whole array
</para>
<note>
<para>
If you omit a key, the maximum of the integer-indices is taken, and
the new key will be that maximum + 1.
Note that the maximum is same when the element having
maximum-index was cleared using <function>unset</function> function.
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
As mentioned above, if you provide the brackets with no key
specified, then the maximum of the existing integer indices is
taken, and the new key will be that maximum value + 1--unless
that maximum value is negative (is it perfectly legal to have
negative array indices). In this case, the new key will be
<literal>0</literal>. If no integer indices exist yet, the key
will be <literal>0</literal> (zero). If you specify a key that
already has a value assigned to it, that value will be
overwritten.
</para>
<para>
Note that the maximum integer key used for this <emphasis>need
not currently exist in the array</emphasis>. It simply must
have existed in the array at some time since the last time the
array was re-indexed. The following example illustrates:
</para>
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$a = array("orange","apple","banana");
unset($a[2]); // clear $a[2]
$a[] = 'carrot'; // assign a new value without key
var_dump($a); // output: array(0 => 'orange', 1 => 'apple', 3 => 'carrot')
// Create a simple array.
$array = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
print_r($array);
// Now delete every item, but leave the array itself intact:
foreach ($array as $i => $value) {
unset($array[$i]);
}
print_r($array);
// Append an item (note that the new key is 5, instead of 0 as you
// might expect).
$array[] = 6;
print_r($array);
// Re-index:
$array = array_values($array);
$array[] = 7;
print_r($array);
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
</programlisting>
<para>
The above example would produce the following output:
<screen>
<![CDATA[
Array
(
[0] => 1
[1] => 2
[2] => 3
[3] => 4
[4] => 5
)
Array
(
)
Array
(
[5] => 6
)
Array
(
[0] => 6
[1] => 7
)
]]>
</screen>
</para>
</informalexample>
</note>
</sect3>
</sect2><!-- end syntax -->
@ -1417,9 +1470,8 @@ var_dump($a); // output: array(0 => 'orange', 1 => 'apple', 3 => 'carrot')
<sect2 id="language.types.array.useful-funcs">
<title>Useful functions</title>
<para>
There are quite some useful function for working
with arrays, see the <link linkend="ref.array">array
functions</link> section.
There are quite a few useful functions for working with arrays.
See the <link linkend="ref.array">array functions</link> section.
</para>
<note>
<para>
@ -1826,7 +1878,7 @@ closedir($handle);
<function>count</function> function.
</para>
<example>
<title>Sorting array</title>
<title>Sorting an array</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
@ -1837,7 +1889,7 @@ print_r($files);
</programlisting>
</example>
<para>
Because the value of an array can be everything, it can also be
Because the value of an array can be anything, it can also be
another array. This way you can make recursive and
multi-dimensional arrays.
</para>