diff --git a/reference/array/functions/array-walk-recursive.xml b/reference/array/functions/array-walk-recursive.xml
index f90d3857e3..862094fc03 100644
--- a/reference/array/functions/array-walk-recursive.xml
+++ b/reference/array/functions/array-walk-recursive.xml
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ sour holds lemon
 ]]>
     </screen>
     <para>
-     You may notice that the key 'sweet' is never displayed. Any key that holds an
+     You may notice that the key '<literal>sweet</literal>' is never displayed. Any key that holds an
      <type>array</type> will not be passed to the function.
     </para>
    </example>
diff --git a/reference/bbcode/constants.xml b/reference/bbcode/constants.xml
index 8518f61e37..8c7741dc55 100644
--- a/reference/bbcode/constants.xml
+++ b/reference/bbcode/constants.xml
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@
    <listitem>
     <simpara>
      This is a parser option allowing argument quoting with
-     double quotes (")
+     double quotes (<literal>"</literal>)
     </simpara>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
    <listitem>
     <simpara>
      This is a parser option allowing argument quoting with
-     single quotes (')
+     single quotes (<literal>'</literal>)
     </simpara>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
    <listitem>
     <simpara>
      This is a parser option allowing argument quoting with
-     HTML version of double quotes (&amp;quot;)
+     HTML version of double quotes (<literal>&amp;quot;</literal>)
     </simpara>
    </listitem>
   </varlistentry>
diff --git a/reference/bbcode/functions/bbcode-create.xml b/reference/bbcode/functions/bbcode-create.xml
index 2c4b5bb668..3b657f267a 100644
--- a/reference/bbcode/functions/bbcode-create.xml
+++ b/reference/bbcode/functions/bbcode-create.xml
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
            <varname remap="structfield">content_handling</varname> optional - 
            Gives the callback used for modification of the content. Object
            Oriented Notation supported only since 0.10.1 
-           callback prototype is string name(string $content, string $argument)
+           callback prototype is string name<literal>(string $content, string $argument)</literal>
           </simpara>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
            <varname remap="structfield">param_handling</varname> optional - 
            Gives the callback used for modification of the argument. Object
            Oriented Notation supported only since 0.10.1 
-           callback prototype is string name(string $content, string $argument)
+           callback prototype is string name<literal>(string $content, string $argument)</literal>
           </simpara>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
diff --git a/reference/bcompiler/functions/bcompiler-write-footer.xml b/reference/bcompiler/functions/bcompiler-write-footer.xml
index ed23989e9d..1a7df4c1ae 100644
--- a/reference/bcompiler/functions/bcompiler-write-footer.xml
+++ b/reference/bcompiler/functions/bcompiler-write-footer.xml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
    <methodparam><type>resource</type><parameter>filehandle</parameter></methodparam>
   </methodsynopsis>
   <para>
-   Writes the single character \x00 to indicate End of compiled data.
+   Writes the single character <literal>\x00</literal> to indicate End of compiled data.
   </para>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/reference/com/book.xml b/reference/com/book.xml
index 98a622175c..1a646ab2af 100644
--- a/reference/com/book.xml
+++ b/reference/com/book.xml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  <preface xml:id="intro.com">
   &reftitle.intro;
   <para>
-   COM is an acronym for Component Object Model; it is an object orientated
+   COM is an acronym for <literal>Component Object Model</literal>; it is an object orientated
    layer (and associated services) on top of DCE RPC (an open standard) and
    defines a common calling convention that enables code written in any
    language to call and interoperate with code written in any other language
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
    how the object works.  The PHP COM extension utilizes the OLE
    Automation interfaces to allow you to create and call compatible objects
    from your scripts.  Technically speaking, this should really be called
-   the "OLE Automation Extension for PHP", since not all COM objects are OLE
+   the "<literal>OLE Automation Extension for PHP</literal>", since not all COM objects are OLE
    compatible.
   </para>
   <para>
diff --git a/reference/com/functions/com-get-active-object.xml b/reference/com/functions/com-get-active-object.xml
index 70d23cf23d..09dcee83a2 100644
--- a/reference/com/functions/com-get-active-object.xml
+++ b/reference/com/functions/com-get-active-object.xml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
    <function>com_get_active_object</function> is similar to creating a new
    instance of a <xref linkend="class.com"/> object, except that it will
    only return an object to your script if the object is already running.
-   OLE applications use something known as the Running Object Table to
+   OLE applications use something known as the "<literal>Running Object Table</literal>" to
    allow well-known applications to be launched only once; this function
    exposes the COM library function GetActiveObject() to get a handle on a
    running instance.