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Migration guide from PHP 8.0 to PHP 8.1 (#941)

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Initial version for the PHP 8.0 to 8.1 migration guide.

Co-authored-by: Kamil Tekiela <tekiela246@gmail.com>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<appendix xml:id="migration81" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:phd="http://www.php.net/ns/phd">
<title>Migrating from PHP 8.0.x to PHP 8.1.x</title>
&appendices.migration81.new-features;
&appendices.migration81.new-classes;
&appendices.migration81.new-functions;
&appendices.migration81.constants;
&appendices.migration81.incompatible;
&appendices.migration81.deprecated;
&appendices.migration81.other-changes;
<sect1 phd:chunk="false" xml:id="migration81.intro">
<para>
This new minor version brings with it a number of
<link linkend="migration81.new-features">new features</link> and a
<link linkend="migration81.incompatible">few incompatibilities</link>
that should be tested for before switching PHP versions in production
environments.
</para>
<para>
&manual.migration.seealso;
<link linkend="migration71">7.1.x</link>,
<link linkend="migration72">7.2.x</link>,
<link linkend="migration73">7.3.x</link>,
<link linkend="migration74">7.4.x</link>,
<link linkend="migration80">8.0.x</link>.
</para>
</sect1>
</appendix>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<sect1 xml:id="migration81.constants" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<title>New Global Constants</title>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.constants.mysqli">
<title>MySQLi</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<simpara><constant>MYSQLI_REFRESH_REPLICA</constant></simpara>
<para>
This constant has been added as a replacement for
<constant>MYSQLI_REFRESH_SLAVE</constant>,
in line with an upstream change in MySQL.
The old constant is still available for backwards-compatibility reasons,
but may be deprecated/removed in the future.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.constants.sockets">
<title>Sockets</title>
<para>
The following socket options are now defined if they are supported:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<simpara><constant>SO_ACCEPTFILTER</constant></simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara><constant>SO_DONTTRUNC</constant></simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara><constant>SO_WANTMORE</constant></simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara><constant>SO_MARK</constant></simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara><constant>TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT</constant></simpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
</sect1>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<sect1 xml:id="migration81.deprecated">
<title>Deprecated Features</title>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.core">
<title>PHP Core</title>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.core.serialize-interface">
<title>
Implementing <interfacename>Serializable</interfacename> without
<function>__serialize</function> and <function>__unserialize</function>
</title>
<para>
Either only the new methods should be implemented, if no support for
PHP prior to version 7.4 is provided, or both should be implemented.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.core.null-not-nullable-internal">
<title>Passing &null; to non-nullable parameters of built-in functions</title>
<para>
Scalar types for built-in functions are nullable by default,
this behaviour is deprecated to align with the behaviour of user-defined
functions, where scalar types need to be marked as nullable explicitly.
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
var_dump(str_contains("foobar", null));
// Deprecated: Passing null to parameter #2 ($needle) of type string
// is deprecated
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.core.implicit-float-conversion">
<title>Implicit incompatible &float; to &integer; conversions</title>
<para>
The implicit conversion of &float; to &integer; which
leads to a loss in precision is now deprecated.
This affects &array; keys, &integer; type declarations in coercive mode,
and operators working on &integer;s.
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$a = [];
$a[15.5]; // deprecated, as key value loses the 0.5 component
$a[15.0]; // ok, as 15.0 == 15
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.core.static-trait">
<title>Calling a <modifier>static</modifier> element on a trait</title>
<para>
Calling a <modifier>static</modifier> method, or accessing a
<modifier>static</modifier> property directly on a trait is deprecated.
Static methods and properties should only be accessed on a class using the trait.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.core.magic-sleep">
<title>Returning a non-&array; from <function>__sleep</function></title>
<para>
Returning a value which is not an &array; from
<link linkend="object.sleep">__sleep()</link> now generates a diagnostic.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.core.void-by-ref">
<title>Returning by reference from a <type>void</type> function</title>
<para>
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
function &test(): void {}
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
Such a function is contradictory, and already emits the following
<constant>E_NOTICE</constant> when called:
<literal>Only variable references should be returned by reference</literal>.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.core.autovivification-false">
<title>Autovivification from &false;</title>
<para>
Autovivification is the process of creating a new &array; when
appending to a value.
Autovivification is prohibited from scalar values, &false; however
was an exception. This is now deprecated.
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$arr = false;
$arr[] = 2; // deprecated
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
<note>
<para>
Autovivification from &null; and undefined values is still allowed:
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
// From undefined
$arr[] = 'some value';
$arr['doesNotExist'][] = 2;
// From null
$arr = null;
$arr[] = 2;
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
</note>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.ctype">
<title>ctype</title>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.ctype.nonstring-arguments">
<title>Verifying non-string arguments</title>
<para>
Passing a non-string argument is deprecated.
In the future, the argument will be interpreted as a string instead
of an ASCII codepoint.
Depending on the intended behavior, the argument should either be
casted to &string; or an explicit call to
<function>chr</function> should be made.
All <literal>ctype_*()</literal> functions are affected.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.date">
<title>Date</title>
<para>
The <function>date_sunrise</function> and <function>date_sunset</function>
have been deprecated in favor of <function>date_sun_info</function>.
</para>
<para>
The <function>strptime</function> has been deprecated.
Use <function>date_parse_from_format</function> instead (for locale-independent parsing),
or <methodname>IntlDateFormatter::parse</methodname> (for locale-dependent parsing).
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.filter">
<title>Filter</title>
<para>
The <constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_STRING</constant> and
<constant>FILTER_SANITIZE_STRIPPED</constant> filters are deprecated.
</para>
<para>
The <link linkend="ini.filter.default">filter.default</link>
INI directive is deprecated.
<!-- TODO Check that filter.default_flags -->
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.gd">
<title>GD</title>
<para>
The <parameter>num_points</parameter> of <function>imageopenpolygon</function>
and <function>imagefilledpolygon</function> has been deprecated.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.hash">
<title>Hash</title>
<para>
The <function>mhash</function>,
<function>mhash_keygen_s2k</function>,
<function>mhash_count</function>,
<function>mhash_get_block_size</function>,
and <function>mhash_get_hash_name</function> have been deprecated.
Use the <literal>hash_*()</literal> functions instead.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.imap">
<title>IMAP</title>
<para>
The <constant>NIL</constant> constant has been deprecated.
Use <literal>0</literal> instead.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.intl">
<title>Intl</title>
<para>
Calling <methodname>IntlCalendar::roll</methodname> with a
&boolean; argument is deprecated.
Use <literal>1</literal> and <literal>-1</literal> instead of
&true; and &false; respectively.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.mbstring">
<title>Multibyte String</title>
<para>
Calling <function>mb_check_encoding</function> without any arguments
is deprecated.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.mysqli">
<title>MySQLi</title>
<para>
The <property>mysqli_driver::$driver_version</property> property
has been deprecated.
It was meaningless and outdated, use <constant>PHP_VERSION_ID</constant>
instead.
</para>
<para>
Calling <methodname>mysqli::get_client_info</methodname> or
<function>mysqli_get_client_info</function> with the
<parameter>mysqli</parameter> argument has been deprecated.
Call <function>mysqli_get_client_info</function> without any arguments
to obtain the version information of the client library.
</para>
<para>
The <methodname>mysqli::init</methodname> method has been deprecated.
Replace calls to <methodname>parent::init</methodname> with
<methodname>parent::__construct</methodname>.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.oci8">
<title>OCI8</title>
<para>
The <link linkend="ini.oci8.old-oci-close-semantics">oci8.old_oci_close_semantics</link>
INI directive is deprecated.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.odbc">
<title>ODBC</title>
<para>
<function>odbc_result_all</function> has been deprecated.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.pdo">
<title>PDO</title>
<para>
The <constant>PDO::FETCH_SERIALIZE</constant> fetch mode has been deprecated.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.pgsql">
<title>PgSQL</title>
<para>
Not passing the connection argument to all <literal>pgsql_*()</literal>
functions has been deprecated.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.soap">
<title>SOAP</title>
<para>
The <literal>ssl_method</literal> option of
<methodname>SoapClient::__construct</methodname> has been deprecated
in favor of SSL stream context options.
<!-- The direct equivalent would be
crypto_method, but min_proto_version/max_proto_version are recommended
instead. -->
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.deprecated.standard">
<title>Standard</title>
<para>
Calling <function>key</function>, <function>current</function>,
<function>next</function>, <function>prev</function>,
<function>reset</function>, or <function>end</function>
on &object;s is deprecated.
Either use <function>get_mangled_object_vars</function> on the
object first, or use <classname>ArrayIterator</classname>.
</para>
<para>
The <link linkend="ini.auto-detect-line-endings">auto_detect_line_endings</link>
INI directive is deprecated.
If necessary, handle <literal>"\r"</literal> line breaks manually instead.
</para>
<para>
The <constant>FILE_BINARY</constant> and
<constant>FILE_TEXT</constant> constants have been deprecated.
They never had any effect.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<sect1 xml:id="migration81.incompatible" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<title>Backward Incompatible Changes</title>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.incompatible.core">
<title>PHP Core</title>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.incompatible.core.globals-access">
<title>$GLOBALS Access Restrictions</title>
<para>
Access to the <varname>$GLOBALS</varname> array is now subject to
a number of restrictions.
Read and write access to individual array elements like
<code>$GLOBALS['var']</code> continues to work as-is.
Read-only access to the entire <varname>$GLOBALS</varname> array also
continues to be supported.
However, write access to the entire <varname>$GLOBALS</varname> array
is no longer supported. For example, <code>array_pop($GLOBALS)</code>
will result in an error.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.incompatible.core.static-variable-inheritance">
<title>
Usage of <modifier>static</modifier> Variables in Inherited Methods
</title>
<para>
When a method using static variables is inherited (but not overridden), the
inherited method will now share static variables with the parent method.
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
class A {
public static function counter() {
static $counter = 0;
$counter++;
return $counter;
}
}
class B extends A {}
var_dump(A::counter()); // int(1)
var_dump(A::counter()); // int(2)
var_dump(B::counter()); // int(3), previously int(1)
var_dump(B::counter()); // int(4), previously int(2)
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
This means that static variables in methods now behave the same way as
static properties.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.incompatible.core.type-compatibility-internal">
<title>Return Type Compatibility with Internal Classes</title>
<para>
Most non-final internal methods now require overriding methods to declare
a compatible return type, otherwise a deprecated notice is emitted during
inheritance validation.
In case the return type cannot be declared for an overriding method due to
PHP cross-version compatibility concerns,
a <code>#[ReturnTypeWillChange]</code> attribute can be added to silence
the deprecation notice.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.incompatible.resource2object">
<title>Resource to Object Migration</title>
<para>
Several &resource;s have been migrated to &object;s.
Return value checks using <function>is_resource</function> should be replaced with checks for &false;.
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
The <link linkend="book.fileinfo">FileInfo</link> functions now accept and return,
respectively, <classname>finfo</classname> objects instead of
<literal>fileinfo</literal> &resource;s.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <link linkend="book.ftp">FTP</link> functions now accept and return,
respectively, <classname>FTP\Connection</classname> objects instead of
<literal>ftp</literal> &resource;s.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <link linkend="book.imap">IMAP</link> functions now accept and return,
respectively, <classname>IMAP\Connection</classname> objects instead of
<literal>imap</literal> &resource;s.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <link linkend="book.ldap">LDAP</link> functions now accept and return,
respectively, <classname>LDAP\Connection</classname> objects instead of
<literal>ldap link</literal> &resource;s.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <link linkend="book.ldap">LDAP</link> functions now accept and return,
respectively, <classname>LDAP\Result</classname> objects instead of
<literal>ldap result</literal> &resource;s.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <link linkend="book.ldap">LDAP</link> functions now accept and return,
respectively, <classname>LDAP\ResultEntry</classname> objects instead of
<literal>ldap result entry</literal> &resource;s.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <link linkend="book.pgsql">PgSQL</link> functions now accept and return,
respectively, <classname>PgSql\Connection</classname> objects instead of
<literal>ppgsql link</literal> &resource;s.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <link linkend="book.pgsql">PgSQL</link> functions now accept and return,
respectively, <classname>PgSql\Result</classname> objects instead of
<literal>ppgsql result</literal> &resource;s.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <link linkend="book.pgsql">PgSQL</link> functions now accept and return,
respectively, <classname>PgSql\Lob</classname> objects instead of
<literal>ppgsql large object</literal> &resource;s.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <link linkend="book.pspell">PSpell</link> functions now accept and return,
respectively, <classname>PSpell\Dictionary</classname> objects instead of
<literal>pspell</literal> &resource;s.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <link linkend="book.pspell">PSpell</link> functions now accept and return,
respectively, <classname>PSpell\Config</classname> objects instead of
<literal>pspell config</literal> &resource;s.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.incompatible.mysqli">
<title>MySQLi</title>
<para>
<function>mysqli_fetch_fields</function>, and
<function>mysqli_fetch_field_direct</function> will now always return
<literal>0</literal> for the <property>max_length</property>.
This information can be computed by iterating over the result set,
and taking the maximum length. This is what PHP was doing
internally previously.
</para>
<para>
The <constant>MYSQLI_STMT_ATTR_UPDATE_MAX_LENGTH</constant>
option no longer has any effect.
</para>
<para>
The <constant>MYSQLI_STORE_RESULT_COPY_DATA</constant>
option no longer has any effect. Passing any value to the
<parameter>mode</parameter> parameter of
<methodname>mysqli::store_result</methodname> no longer has any effect.
</para>
<para>
<methodname>mysqli::connect</methodname> now returns &true; instead of &null; on success.
</para>
<para>
The default error handling mode has been changed from "silent" to "exceptions"
See the <link linkend="mysqli-driver.report-mode">MySQLi reporting mode</link>
page for more details on what this entails,
and how to explicitly set this attribute.
To restore the previous behaviour use:
<code>mysqli_report(MYSQLI_REPORT_OFF);</code>
</para>
<para>
Classes extending <methodname>mysqli_stmt::execute</methodname>
are now required to specify the additional mandatory parameter.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.incompatible.mysqlnd">
<title>MySQLnd</title>
<para>
The <link linkend="ini.mysqlnd.fetch_data_copy">mysqlnd.fetch_data_copy</link>
INI directive has been removed.
This should not result in user-visible behavior changes.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.incompatible.openssl">
<title>OpenSSL</title>
<para>
EC private keys will now be exported in PKCS#8 format rather than
traditional format, just like all other keys.
</para>
<para>
<function>openssl_pkcs7_encrypt</function> and
<function>openssl_cms_encrypt</function> will now to default using
AES-128-CBC rather than RC2-40. The RC2-40 cipher is considered
insecure and not enabled by default by OpenSSL 3.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.incompatible.pdo">
<title>PHP Data Objects</title>
<para>
<constant>PDO::ATTR_STRINGIFY_FETCHES</constant> now stringifies values
of type &boolean; to <literal>"0"</literal> or
<literal>"1"</literal>. Previously &boolean;s were not stringified.
</para>
<para>
Calling <methodname>PDOStatement::bindColumn</methodname> with
<constant>PDO::PARAM_LOB</constant> will now constantly bind a stream
result when <constant>PDO::ATTR_STRINGIFY_FETCHES</constant> is not enabled.
Previously, the result would either be a stream or a string depending on
the used database driver and the time the binding is performed.
</para>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.incompatible.pdo.mysql">
<title>MySQL Driver</title>
<para>
Integers and floats in result sets will now be returned using native
PHP types instead of &string;s when using emulated prepared statements.
This matches the behavior of native prepared statements.
The previous behaviour can be restored by enabling the
<constant>PDO::ATTR_STRINGIFY_FETCHES</constant> option.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.incompatible.pdo.sqlite">
<title>SQLite Driver</title>
<para>
Integers and floats in results sets will now be returned using native
PHP types.
The previous behaviour can be restored by enabling the
<constant>PDO::ATTR_STRINGIFY_FETCHES</constant> option.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.incompatible.phar">
<title>Phar</title>
<para>
To comply with the <interfacename>ArrayAccess</interfacename> interface,
<methodname>Phar::offsetUnset</methodname> and
<methodname>PharData::offsetUnset</methodname> no longer return a &boolean;.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.incompatible.standard">
<title>Standard</title>
<para>
<function>version_compare</function> no longer accepts undocumented operator abbreviations.
</para>
<para>
<function>htmlspecialchars</function>,
<function>htmlentities</function>,
<function>htmlspecialchars_decode</function>,
<function>html_entity_decode</function>,
and <function>get_html_translation_table</function>
now use <literal>ENT_QUOTES | ENT_SUBSTITUTE</literal> rather than
<constant>ENT_COMPAT</constant> by default.
This means that <literal>'</literal> is escaped to
<literal>&amp;#039;</literal> while previously nothing was done.
Additionally, malformed UTF-8 will be replaced by a Unicode substitution
character, instead of resulting in an empty string.
</para>
<para>
<function>debug_zval_dump</function> now prints the refcount of a reference
wrappers with their refcount, instead of only prepending
<literal>&amp;</literal> to the value.
This more accurately models reference representation since PHP 7.0.
</para>
<para>
<function>debug_zval_dump</function> now prints <literal>interned</literal>
instead of a dummy refcount for interned strings and immutable arrays.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.incompatible.spl">
<title>Standard PHP Library (SPL)</title>
<para>
<classname>SplFixedArray</classname>, will now be JSON encoded like an &array;
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<sect1 xml:id="migration81.new-classes" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<title>New Classes and Interfaces</title>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.new-classes.intl">
<title>Intl</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<classname>IntlDatePatternGenerator</classname>
</simpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
</sect1>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<sect1 xml:id="migration81.new-features" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<title>New Features</title>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.new-features.core">
<title>PHP Core</title>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.new-features.core.octal-literal-prefix">
<title>Integer Octal Literal Prefix</title>
<para>
Octal integers can now use an explicit
<literal>0o</literal>/<literal>0O</literal>
prefix in integer literals,
similarly to binary and hexadecimal integer literals.
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
014; // Non-prefix octal literal
0o14; // Prefixed octal literal
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
<!-- RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/explicit_octal_notation -->
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.new-features.core.unpacking-string-keys">
<title>Array Unpacking with String Keys</title>
<para>
Added support for array unpacking with strings keys.
<!-- TODO Add an example -->
</para>
<!-- RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/array_unpacking_string_keys -->
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.new-features.core.named-arg-after-unpack">
<title>Named Argument After Argument Unpacking</title>
<para>
It is now possible to specify named arguments after an argument unpack.
<!-- TODO Add an example -->
e.g.
foo(...$args, named: $arg).
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.new-features.core.upload-full-path-key">
<title>full-path Key for File Uploads</title>
<para>
File uploads now provide an additional <literal>full_path</literal> key,
which contains the full path (rather than just the basename) of the uploaded file.
This is intended for use in conjunction with "upload webkitdirectory".
</para>
<!-- RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/array_unpacking_string_keys -->
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.new-features.core.enums">
<title>Enumerations</title>
<para>
Support for <!--<link linkend="language.enumeration">-->Enumerations<!--</link>--> has been added.
<!-- RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/enumerations -->
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.new-features.core.fibers">
<title>Fibers</title>
<para>
Support for <!--<link linkend="language.fibers">-->Fibers<!--</link>--> has been added.
<!-- RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/fibers -->
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.new-features.core.callable-syntax">
<title>First Class Callable Syntax</title>
<para>
Closures for callables can now be created using the syntax <code>myFunc(...)</code>,
which is identical to <code>Closure::fromCallable('myFunc')</code>.
<!-- RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/first_class_callable_syntax -->
</para>
<note>
<simpara>
The <code>...</code> is part of the syntax, and not an omission.
</simpara>
</note>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.new-features.core.intersection-types">
<title>Intersection Types</title>
<para>
Support for <!--<link linkend="language.types.declarations.intersection">-->intersection types<!--</link>--> has been added.
<!-- RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/pure-intersection-types -->
</para>
<caution>
<simpara>
Intersection types cannot be used together with
<link linkend="language.types.declarations.union">union types</link>
</simpara>
</caution>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.new-features.core.never-type">
<title>Never type</title>
<para>
A new return only type &never; has been added.
This indicates that a function either <function>exit</function>,
throws an exception, or doesn't terminate.
<!-- RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/noreturn_type -->
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.new-features.core.new-in-initializer">
<title>&new; in Initializers</title>
<para>
It is now possible to use <code>new ClassName()</code> expressions as the
default value of a parameter, static variable, global constant initializers,
and as attribute arguments.
Objects can also be passed to <function>define</function> now.
<!-- TODO Add an example -->
</para>
<!-- RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/new_in_initializers -->
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.new-features.core.readonly">
<title>Readonly properties</title>
<para>
Support for <code>readonly</code> properties has been added.
<!-- RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/readonly_properties_v2 -->
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.new-features.core.final-constants">
<title>Final class constants</title>
<para>
Added support for the <modifier>final</modifier> modifier for class constants.
<!-- RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/final_class_const -->
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.new-features.curl">
<title>CURL</title>
<para>
Added the <constant>CURLOPT_DOH_URL</constant> option.
</para>
<para>
Added options for blob certificate when libcurl &gt;= 7.71.0:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<simpara><constant>CURLOPT_ISSUERCERT_BLOB</constant></simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara><constant>CURLOPT_PROXY_ISSUERCERT</constant></simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara><constant>CURLOPT_PROXY_ISSUERCERT_BLOB</constant></simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara><constant>CURLOPT_PROXY_SSLCERT_BLOB</constant></simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara><constant>CURLOPT_PROXY_SSLKEY_BLOB</constant></simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara><constant>CURLOPT_SSLCERT_BLOB</constant></simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara><constant>CURLOPT_SSLKEY_BLOB</constant></simpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
Added <classname>CURLStringFile</classname>, which can be used to post
a file from a &string; rather than a file:
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$file = new CURLStringFile($data, 'filename.txt', 'text/plain');
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, ['file' => $file]);
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.new-features.fpm">
<title>FPM</title>
<para>
Added openmetrics status format. It can be used by Prometheus to fetch FPM
metrics.
</para>
<para>
Added new pool option for the dynamic process manager called
<literal>pm.max_spawn_rate</literal>. It allows to start a number of children
at a faster rate when dynamic pm is selected.
The default value is <literal>32</literal> which was the previous
hard coded value.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.new-features.gd">
<title>GD</title>
<para>
Avix support is now available through
<function>imagecreatefromavif</function> and
<function>imageavif</function>,
if libgd has been built with Avix support.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.new-features.hash">
<title>Hash</title>
<para>
The following functions <function>hash</function>,
<function>hash_file</function>, and <function>hash_init</function>
now support an additional optional <parameter>options</parameter>
argument, which can be used to pass algorithm specific data.
</para>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.new-features.hash.murmurhash3">
<title>MurmurHash3</title>
<para>
Added support for <literal>MurmurHash3</literal> with streaming
support. The following variants are implemented:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<simpara>murmur3a, 32-bit hash</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>murmur3c, 128-bit hash for x86</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>murmur3f, 128-bit hash for x64</simpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
The initial hash state can be passed through the <literal>seed</literal>
key in the <parameter>options</parameter> array, for example:
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$h = hash("murmur3f", $data, options: ["seed" => 42]);
echo $h, "\n";
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
A valid seed value is within the range from <literal>0</literal>
to the platform defined <constant>UINT_MAX</constant>, usually
<literal>4294967295</literal>.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.new-features.hash.xxhash">
<title>xxHash</title>
<para>
Added support for <literal>xxHash</literal>.
The following variants are implemented:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<simpara>xxh32, 32-bit hash</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>xxh64, 64-bit hash</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>xxh3, 64-bit hash</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>xxh128, 128-bit hash</simpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
The initial hash state can be passed through the <literal>seed</literal>
key in the <parameter>options</parameter> array, for example:
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$h = hash("xxh3", $data, options: ["seed" => 42]);
echo $h, "\n";
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
Secret usage is supported through passing the <literal>secret</literal>
key in the <parameter>options</parameter> array, too:
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$h = hash("xxh3", $data, options: ["secret" => "at least 136 bytes long secret here"]);
echo $h, "\n";
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
The quality of the custom secret is crucial for the quality of the resulting hash.
It is highly recommended for the secret to use the best possible entropy.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.new-features.mysqli">
<title>MySQLi</title>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.new-features.mysqli.local_infile_directory">
<title>New INI directive <literal>mysqli.local_infile_directory</literal></title>
<para>
The <link linkend="ini.mysqli.local-infile-directory">mysqli.local_infile_directory</link>
INI directive has been added, which can be used to specify a directory from
which files are allowed to be loaded. It is only meaningful if
<link linkend="ini.mysqli.allow-local-infile">mysqli.allow_local_infile</link>
is not enabled, as all directories are allowed in that case.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.new-features.mysqli.bind-in-execute">
<title>Binding parameters in execute</title>
<para>
It is now possible to bind parameters by passing them as an array to
<methodname>mysqli_stmt::execute</methodname>. All values will be bound as
strings. Only list arrays are allowed. This new feature is not available
when MySQLi is compiled with libmysqlclient.
<!-- RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/mysqli_bind_in_execute -->
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$stmt = $mysqli->prepare('INSERT INTO users(id, name) VALUES(?,?)');
$stmt->execute([1, $username]);
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.new-features.mysqli.mysqli_fetch_column">
<title>New method <methodname>mysqli_result::fetch_column</methodname></title>
<para>
<methodname>mysqli_result::fetch_column</methodname>
has been added to allow fetching a single scalar value from the result set.
The new method accepts an optional 0-based <parameter>column</parameter>
parameter of type &integer; specifying which column to fetch from.
<!-- RFC: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/mysqli_fetch_column -->
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$result = $mysqli->query('SELECT username FROM users WHERE id = 123');
echo $result->fetch_column();
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.new-features.pdo_mysql">
<title>PDO</title>
<para>
The <constant>PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_LOCAL_INFILE_DIRECTORY</constant> attribute
has been added, which can be used to specify a directory from which files
are allowed to be loaded.
It is only meaningful if <constant>PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_LOCAL_INFILE</constant>
is not enabled, as all directories are allowed in that case.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.new-features.pdo_sqlite">
<title>PDO_SQLite</title>
<para>
SQLite's <literal>"file:"</literal> DSN syntax is now supported,
which allows specifying additional flags.
This feature is not available if open_basedir is set.
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
new PDO('sqlite:file:path/to/sqlite.db?mode=ro')
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.new-features.posix">
<title>POSIX</title>
<para>
Added <constant>POSIX_RLIMIT_KQUEUES</constant> and <constant>POSIX_RLIMIT_NPTS</constant>.
These rlimits are only available on FreeBSD.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.new-features.standard">
<title>Standard</title>
<para>
<function>fputcsv</function> now accepts a new
<parameter>eol</parameter> argument which allow to define a custom
End of Line sequence, the default remains the same and is <literal>"\n"</literal>.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.new-features.spl">
<title>SPL</title>
<para>
<methodname>SplFileObject::fputcsv</methodname> now accepts a new
<parameter>eol</parameter> argument which allow to define a custom
End of Line sequence, the default remains the same and is <literal>"\n"</literal>.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<sect1 xml:id="migration81.new-functions">
<title>New Functions</title>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.new-functions.core">
<title>PHP Core</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>array_is_list</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.new-functions.pcntl">
<title>Process Control</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>pcntl_rfork</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.new-functions.reflection">
<title>Reflection</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<methodname>ReflectionFunctionAbstract::getClosureUsedVariables</methodname>
</simpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.new-functions.standard">
<title>Standard</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>fsync</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>fdatasync</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.new-functions.sodium">
<title>Sodium</title>
<sect3>
<title>XChaCha20</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>sodium_crypto_stream_xchacha20</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>sodium_crypto_stream_xchacha20_keygen</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>sodium_crypto_stream_xchacha20_xor</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Ristretto255</title>
<para>
Ristretto255 functions are available as of libsodium 1.0.18.
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>sodium_crypto_core_ristretto255_add</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>sodium_crypto_core_ristretto255_from_hash</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>sodium_crypto_core_ristretto255_is_valid_point</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>sodium_crypto_core_ristretto255_random</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>sodium_crypto_core_ristretto255_scalar_add</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>sodium_crypto_core_ristretto255_scalar_complement</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>sodium_crypto_core_ristretto255_scalar_invert</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>sodium_crypto_core_ristretto255_scalar_mul</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>sodium_crypto_core_ristretto255_scalar_negate</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>sodium_crypto_core_ristretto255_scalar_random</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>sodium_crypto_core_ristretto255_scalar_reduce</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>sodium_crypto_core_ristretto255_scalar_sub</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>sodium_crypto_core_ristretto255_sub</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>sodium_crypto_scalarmult_ristretto255</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
<function>sodium_crypto_scalarmult_ristretto255_base</function>
</simpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<sect1 xml:id="migration81.other-changes" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<title>Other Changes</title>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.other-changes.sapi">
<title>Changes in SAPI Modules</title>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.other-changes.sapi.cli">
<title>CLI</title>
<para>
Using <option>-a</option> without the <link linkend="book.readline">readline extension</link> will now result in an error.
Previously, <option>-a</option> without readline had the same behavior as
calling <command>php</command> without any arguments, apart from printing an additional
<literal>"Interactive mode enabled"</literal> message.
This mode was <emphasis>not</emphasis> interactive.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.other-changes.sapi.phpdbg">
<title>PHPDBG</title>
<para>
Remote functionality from <link linkend="book.phpdbg">phpdbg</link> has been removed.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.other-changes.functions">
<title>Changed Functions</title>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.other-changes.functions.core">
<title>Core</title>
<para>
The order of properties used in &foreach;, <function>var_dump</function>,
<function>serialize</function>, object comparison, etc. was changed.
Properties are now ordered naturally according to their declaration
and inheritance. Properties declared in a base class are going
to be before the child properties.
</para>
<para>
This order is consistent with internal layout of properties in
<code>zend_object</code> structure and repeats the order in
<code>default_properties_table[]</code> and <code>properties_info_table[]</code>.
The old order was not documented and was caused by class inheritance implementation details.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.other-changes.functions.filter">
<title>Filter</title>
<para>
The <constant>FILTER_FLAG_ALLOW_OCTAL</constant> flag of the
<constant>FILTER_VALIDATE_INT</constant> filter
now accept octal string with the leading octal prefix
(<literal>"0o"</literal>/<literal>"0O"</literal>).
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.other-changes.functions.gmp">
<title>GMP</title>
<para>
All <link linkend="book.gmp">GMP</link> functions now accept octal string with the leading octal prefix
(<literal>"0o"</literal>/<literal>"0O"</literal>).
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.other-changes.functions.pdo-odbc">
<title>PDO ODBC</title>
<para>
<methodname>PDO::getAttribute</methodname> with
<constant>PDO::ATTR_SERVER_INFO</constant> and
<constant>PDO::ATTR_SERVER_VERSION</constant>
now return values instead of throwing <classname>PDOException</classname>.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.other-changes.functions.reflection">
<title>Reflection</title>
<para>
<methodname>ReflectionProperty::setAccessible</methodname> and
<methodname>ReflectionMethod::setAccessible</methodname>
no longer have an effect.
Properties and methods are now always considered accessible via Reflection.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.other-changes.functions.standard">
<title>Standard</title>
<para>
<function>syslog</function> is now binary safe.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.other-changes.extensions">
<title>Other Changes to Extensions</title>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.other-changes.extensions.gd">
<title>GD</title>
<para>
<function>imagewebp</function> can now do lossless WebP encoding
by passing <constant>IMG_WEBP_LOSSLESS</constant> as the quality.
</para>
<para>
This constant is only defined, if the used libgd supports
lossless WebP encoding.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.other-changes.extensions.mysqli">
<title>MySQLi</title>
<para>
<methodname>mysqli_stmt::next_result</methodname> and
<methodname>mysqli::fetch_all</methodname>
are now available when linking against libmysqlclient.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.other-changes.extensions.openssl">
<title>OpenSSL</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
The <link linkend="book.openssl">OpenSSL extension</link> now requires at least OpenSSL version 1.0.2.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
OpenSSL 3.0 is now supported. Be aware that many ciphers are no longer
enabled by default (part of the legacy provider), and that parameter
validation (e.g. minimum key sizes) is stricter now.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.other-changes.extensions.phar">
<title>Phar</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
SHA256 is now used by default for signatures.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Added support for OpenSSL_SHA256 and OpenSSL_SHA512 signatures.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.other-changes.extensions.snmp">
<title>SNMP</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Added support for SHA256 and SHA512 for the security protocol.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 xml:id="migration81.other-changes.extensions.standard">
<title>Standard</title>
<para>
<code>--with-password-argon2</code> now uses pkg-config to detect libargon2.
As such, an alternative libargon2 location should now be specified using
<envar>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</envar>.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 xml:id="migration81.other-changes.ini">
<title>Changes to INI File Handling</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
The <link linkend="ini.log-errors-max-len">log_errors_max_len</link>
INI directive has been removed.
It no longer had an effect since PHP 8.0.0.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
A leading dollar in a quoted string can now be escaped: <literal>"\${"</literal> will now be
interpreted as a string with contents <literal>${</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Backslashes in double quoted strings are now more consistently treated as
escape characters. Previously, <literal>"foo\\"</literal> followed by
something other than a newline was not considered as a terminated string.
It is now interpreted as a string with contents <literal>foo\</literal>.
However, as an exception, the string <literal>"foo\"</literal>
followed by a newline will continue to be treated as a valid string with
contents <literal>foo\</literal> rather than an unterminated string.
This exception exists to support naive uses of Windows file paths such as
<literal>"C:\foo\"</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
</sect1>
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