diff --git a/reference/phar/Phar/createDefaultStub.xml b/reference/phar/Phar/createDefaultStub.xml
index d2c71d8bc1..009de4720b 100644
--- a/reference/phar/Phar/createDefaultStub.xml
+++ b/reference/phar/Phar/createDefaultStub.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.4 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.5 $ -->
 <refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xml:id="phar.createdefaultstub">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>Phar::createDefaultStub</refname>
@@ -71,12 +71,14 @@ php myphar.phar
     <title>A <function>Phar::createDefaultStub</function> example</title>
     <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 try {
     $phar = new Phar('myphar.phar');
     $phar->setStub($phar->createDefaultStub('cli.php', 'web/index.php'));
 } catch (Exception $e) {
     // handle errors
 }
+?>
 ]]>
     </programlisting>
    </example>
diff --git a/reference/phar/Phar/getStub.xml b/reference/phar/Phar/getStub.xml
index 836216e52c..f2ad8220c1 100644
--- a/reference/phar/Phar/getStub.xml
+++ b/reference/phar/Phar/getStub.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.2 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.3 $ -->
 <refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xml:id="phar.getstub">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>Phar::getStub</refname>
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ php myphar.phar
     <title>A <function>Phar::getStub</function> example</title>
     <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $p = new Phar('/path/to/my.phar', 0, 'my.phar');
 echo $p->getStub();
 echo "==NEXT==\n";
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ Phar::mapPhar('myphar.phar');
 include 'phar://myphar.phar/startup.php';
 __HALT_COMPILER(); ?>");
 echo $p->getStub();
+?>
 ]]>
     </programlisting>
     &example.outputs;
diff --git a/reference/phar/Phar/setSignatureAlgorithm.xml b/reference/phar/Phar/setSignatureAlgorithm.xml
index 3e85829ddc..5aa5c9ee8e 100644
--- a/reference/phar/Phar/setSignatureAlgorithm.xml
+++ b/reference/phar/Phar/setSignatureAlgorithm.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.5 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.6 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="phar.setsignaturealgorithm" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>Phar::setSignatureAlgorithm</refname>
@@ -52,10 +52,12 @@
        OpenSSL key file:
        <programlisting role="php">
         <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $private = openssl_get_privatekey(file_get_contents('private.pem'));
 $pkey = '';
 openssl_pkey_export($private, $pkey);
 $p->setSignatureAlgorithm(Phar::OPENSSL, $pkey);
+?>
         ]]>
        </programlisting>
        See <link linkend="phar.using">phar introduction</link> for instructions on
diff --git a/reference/phar/Phar/webPhar.xml b/reference/phar/Phar/webPhar.xml
index a1b48d991f..74541830d1 100644
--- a/reference/phar/Phar/webPhar.xml
+++ b/reference/phar/Phar/webPhar.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.6 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.7 $ -->
 <refentry xml:id="phar.webphar" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <refnamediv>
   <refname>Phar::webPhar</refname>
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
        these extensions are mapped to these mime types:
        <programlisting role="php">
         <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $mimes = array(
     'phps' => 2, // pass to highlight_file()
     'c' => 'text/plain',
@@ -114,6 +115,7 @@ $mimes = array(
     'xbm' => 'image/xbm',
     'xml' => 'text/xml',
 );
+?>
         ]]>
        </programlisting>
       </para>
@@ -127,9 +129,11 @@ $mimes = array(
        For example:
        <programlisting role="php">
         <![CDATA[
+<?php
 array(
     'myinfo' => 'myinfo.php'
 );
+?>
         ]]>
        </programlisting>
        would route calls to <literal>http://&lt;host&gt;/myphar.phar/myinfo</literal>
diff --git a/reference/phar/ini.xml b/reference/phar/ini.xml
index f7f9378a6c..348d3bb34c 100644
--- a/reference/phar/ini.xml
+++ b/reference/phar/ini.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.10 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.11 $ -->
 <section xml:id="phar.configuration" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook">
  &reftitle.runtime;
  &extension.runtime;
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ include "phar://arch2/foo.php";
       traditional disk-based installation.
       <example>
        <title>phar.cache_list usage example</title>
-       <programlisting role="php">
+       <programlisting>
 <![CDATA[
 in php.ini (windows):
 phar.cache_list =C:\path\to\phar1.phar;C:\path\to\phar2.phar
diff --git a/reference/phar/using.xml b/reference/phar/using.xml
index 06e99ac9e0..10f9e10047 100644
--- a/reference/phar/using.xml
+++ b/reference/phar/using.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.15 $ -->
+<!-- $Revision: 1.16 $ -->
 <chapter xml:id="phar.using" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <title>Using Phar Archives</title>
 
@@ -129,9 +129,11 @@ try {
   as extracted using this code:
   <programlisting role="php">
    <![CDATA[
+<?php
 $public = openssl_get_publickey(file_get_contents('private.pem'));
 $pkey = '';
 openssl_pkey_export($public, $pkey);
+?>
    ]]>
   </programlisting>
   must be saved adjacent to the phar archive it verifies.  If the phar archive