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https://github.com/sigmasternchen/php-doc-en
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stops, wc, example cleaning, more syntax
git-svn-id: https://svn.php.net/repository/phpdoc/en/trunk@148472 c90b9560-bf6c-de11-be94-00142212c4b1
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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<!-- $Revision: 1.26 $ -->
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<!-- $Revision: 1.27 $ -->
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<chapter id="tutorial">
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<title>A simple tutorial</title>
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any extra tools. Think of these PHP-enabled files as simple HTML
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files with a whole new family of magical tags that let you do all
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sorts of things. Most web hosts offer PHP support, but if your
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host does not consider reading the <ulink url="&url.php.links;">
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host does not, consider reading the <ulink url="&url.php.links;">
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PHP Links</ulink> section for resources on finding PHP enabled
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web hosts.
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</para>
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<title>Your first PHP-enabled page</title>
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<para>
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Create a file named <filename>hello.php</filename> and put it
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in your web servers root directory (<varname>DOCUMENT_ROOT</varname>)
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in your web server's root directory (<varname>DOCUMENT_ROOT</varname>)
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with the following content:
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</para>
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<para>
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@ -69,17 +69,17 @@
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<title>PHP Test</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<?php echo "<p>Hello World</p>"; ?>
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<?php echo '<p>Hello World</p>'; ?>
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</body>
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</html>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<simpara>
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Use your browser to access the file with your web access URL, ending
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Use your browser to access the file with your web server's URL, ending
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with the "/hello.php" file reference. When developing locally this
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url will be something like <literal>http://localhost/hello.php</literal>
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or <literal>http://127.0.0.1/hello.php</literal> but this depends on the
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web servers configuration. Although this is outside the scope of this
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web server's configuration. Although this is outside the scope of this
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tutorial, see also the <varname>DocumentRoot</varname> and
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<varname>ServerName</varname> directives in your web server's
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configuration file (for Apache, this is &httpd.conf;).
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statement.
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</para>
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<para>
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If you tried this example and it did not output anything, or it prompted
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If you tried this example and it did not output anything, it prompted
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for download, or you see the whole file as text, chances are that the
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server you are on does not have PHP enabled. Ask your administrator
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to enable it for you using the
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<link linkend="installation">Installation</link> chapter
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of the manual. If you are developing locally, also read the
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of the manual. If you are developing locally, also read the
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installation chapter to make sure everything is configured
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properly. If problems continue to persist, do not hesitate to use one of
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properly. If the problems persist, do not hesitate to use one of
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the many <ulink url="&url.php.support;">PHP support</ulink> options.
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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There are many text editors and Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)
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that you can use to create, edit and manage PHP files. A partial list of
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these tools is maintained at <ulink url="&url.phpeditorlist;">PHP Editor's
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these tools is maintained at <ulink url="&url.phpeditorlist;">PHP Editors
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List</ulink>. If you wish to recommend an editor, please visit the above
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page and ask the page maintainer to add the editor to the list. Having
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an editor with syntax highlighting can be helpful.
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<note>
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<title>A Note on Windows Notepad</title>
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<para>
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<para>
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If you are writing your PHP scripts using Windows Notepad, you will need
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to ensure that your files are saved with the .php extension. (Notepad adds
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a .txt extension to files automatically unless you take one of the
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following steps to prevent it.) When you save the file and are prompted
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to provide a name for the file, place the filename in quotes
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(i.e. "<filename>hello.php</filename>"). Alternately, you can click on the
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'Text Documents' drop-down menu in the save dialog box and change the setting
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(i.e. "<filename>hello.php</filename>"). Alternatively, you can click on the
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'Text Documents' drop-down menu in the 'Save' dialog box and change the setting
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to "All Files". You can then enter your filename without quotes.
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</para>
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</note>
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sends as part of the HTTP request. This information is stored in a <link
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linkend="language.variables">variable</link>. Variables always start
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with a dollar-sign in PHP. The variable we are interested in right now
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is <varname>$_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"]</varname>.
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is <varname>$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']</varname>.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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<link linkend="reserved.variables.server">$_SERVER</link> is a
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special reserved PHP variable that contains all web server information.
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It is known as an autoglobal (or superglobal). See the related manual page on
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<link linkend="language.variables.superglobals">autoglobals</link>
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<link linkend="language.variables.superglobals">superglobals</link>
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for more information. These special variables were introduced in PHP
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<ulink url="&url.php.release4.1.0;">4.1.0</ulink>. Before this time, we used
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the older <varname>$HTTP_*_VARS</varname> arrays instead,
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<title>Printing a variable (Array element)</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php echo $_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"]; ?>
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<?php echo $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']; ?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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Arrays can be very useful.
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</para>
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<para>
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<varname>$_SERVER</varname> is just one variable that is automatically
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made available to you by PHP. A list can be seen in the
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<varname>$_SERVER</varname> is just one variable that PHP automatically
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makes available to you. A list can be seen in the
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<link linkend="reserved.variables">Reserved Variables</link> section
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of the manual or you can get a complete list of them by creating
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a file that looks like this:
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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if (strpos($_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"], "MSIE") !== false) {
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echo "You are using Internet Explorer<br />";
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if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'MSIE') !== false) {
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echo 'You are using Internet Explorer<br />';
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}
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?>
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]]>
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The second concept we introduced was the <function>strpos</function>
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function call. <function>strpos</function> is a function built into
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PHP which searches a string for another string. In this case we are
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looking for <literal>"MSIE"</literal> (so-called needle) inside
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<varname>$_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"]</varname> (so-called haystack). If
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looking for <literal>'MSIE'</literal> (so-called needle) inside
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<varname>$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']</varname> (so-called haystack). If
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the needle is found inside the haystack, the function returns the position
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of the needle relative to the start of the haystack. Otherwise, it
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returns &false;. If it does not return &false;, the <link
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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if (strpos($_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"], "MSIE") !== false) {
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if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'MSIE') !== false) {
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?>
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<h3>strpos must have returned non-false</h3>
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<center><b>You are using Internet Explorer</b></center>
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There is nothing special about this form. It is a straight HTML form
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with no special tags of any kind. When the user fills in this form
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and hits the submit button, the <filename>action.php</filename> page
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is called. In this file you would have something like this:
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is called. In this file you would write something like this:
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</para>
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<para>
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<example>
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<title>Printing data from our form</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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Hi <?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?>.
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You are <?php echo $_POST["age"]; ?> years old.
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Hi <?php echo $_POST['name']; ?>.
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You are <?php echo $_POST['age']; ?> years old.
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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</para>
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<screen role="html">
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<![CDATA[
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Hi Joe.
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You are 22 years old.
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Hi Joe. You are 22 years old.
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]]>
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</screen>
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</example>
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</para>
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<para>
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It should be obvious what this does. There is nothing more to it.
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The <varname>$_POST["name"]</varname> and <varname>$_POST["age"]</varname>
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The <varname>$_POST['name']</varname> and <varname>$_POST['age']</varname>
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variables are automatically set for you by PHP. Earlier we
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used the <varname>$_SERVER</varname> autoglobal, now above we just
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used the <varname>$_SERVER</varname> autoglobal; above we just
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introduced the <link linkend="reserved.variables.post">$_POST</link>
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autoglobal which contains all POST data. Notice how the
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<emphasis>method</emphasis> of our form is POST. If we used the
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<varname>$_FILES</varname>, <varname>$_ENV</varname>,
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<varname>$_REQUEST</varname>, and <varname>$_SESSION</varname>. The
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older <varname>$HTTP_*_VARS</varname> arrays, such as
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<varname>$HTTP_POST_VARS</varname>, still exist and have since PHP 3.
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<varname>$HTTP_POST_VARS</varname>, still exist as they have since PHP 3.
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&avail.register-long-arrays;
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</simpara>
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<emphasis>off</emphasis> by default in &php.ini;. The preferred
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method of accessing these values is via the autoglobal arrays mentioned
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above. Older scripts, books, and tutorials may rely on this
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directive being on. If on, for example, one could use
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directive being on. If it were on, for example, one could use
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<varname>$id</varname> from the URL
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<literal>http://www.example.com/foo.php?id=42</literal>. Whether on
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or off, <varname>$_GET['id']</varname> is available.
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