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stops, wc, example cleaning, more syntax

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git-svn-id: https://svn.php.net/repository/phpdoc/en/trunk@148472 c90b9560-bf6c-de11-be94-00142212c4b1
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63
chapters/tutorial.xml
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<!-- $Revision: 1.26 $ -->
<!-- $Revision: 1.27 $ -->
<chapter id="tutorial">
<title>A simple tutorial</title>
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
any extra tools. Think of these PHP-enabled files as simple HTML
files with a whole new family of magical tags that let you do all
sorts of things. Most web hosts offer PHP support, but if your
host does not consider reading the <ulink url="&url.php.links;">
host does not, consider reading the <ulink url="&url.php.links;">
PHP Links</ulink> section for resources on finding PHP enabled
web hosts.
</para>
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
<title>Your first PHP-enabled page</title>
<para>
Create a file named <filename>hello.php</filename> and put it
in your web servers root directory (<varname>DOCUMENT_ROOT</varname>)
in your web server's root directory (<varname>DOCUMENT_ROOT</varname>)
with the following content:
</para>
<para>
@ -69,17 +69,17 @@
<title>PHP Test</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php echo "<p>Hello World</p>"; ?>
<?php echo '<p>Hello World</p>'; ?>
</body>
</html>
]]>
</programlisting>
<simpara>
Use your browser to access the file with your web access URL, ending
Use your browser to access the file with your web server's URL, ending
with the "/hello.php" file reference. When developing locally this
url will be something like <literal>http://localhost/hello.php</literal>
or <literal>http://127.0.0.1/hello.php</literal> but this depends on the
web servers configuration. Although this is outside the scope of this
web server's configuration. Although this is outside the scope of this
tutorial, see also the <varname>DocumentRoot</varname> and
<varname>ServerName</varname> directives in your web server's
configuration file (for Apache, this is &httpd.conf;).
@ -113,14 +113,14 @@
statement.
</para>
<para>
If you tried this example and it did not output anything, or it prompted
If you tried this example and it did not output anything, it prompted
for download, or you see the whole file as text, chances are that the
server you are on does not have PHP enabled. Ask your administrator
to enable it for you using the
<link linkend="installation">Installation</link> chapter
of the manual. If you are developing locally, also read the
of the manual. If you are developing locally, also read the
installation chapter to make sure everything is configured
properly. If problems continue to persist, do not hesitate to use one of
properly. If the problems persist, do not hesitate to use one of
the many <ulink url="&url.php.support;">PHP support</ulink> options.
</para>
<para>
@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
<para>
There are many text editors and Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)
that you can use to create, edit and manage PHP files. A partial list of
these tools is maintained at <ulink url="&url.phpeditorlist;">PHP Editor's
these tools is maintained at <ulink url="&url.phpeditorlist;">PHP Editors
List</ulink>. If you wish to recommend an editor, please visit the above
page and ask the page maintainer to add the editor to the list. Having
an editor with syntax highlighting can be helpful.
@ -156,14 +156,14 @@
<note>
<title>A Note on Windows Notepad</title>
<para>
<para>
If you are writing your PHP scripts using Windows Notepad, you will need
to ensure that your files are saved with the .php extension. (Notepad adds
a .txt extension to files automatically unless you take one of the
following steps to prevent it.) When you save the file and are prompted
to provide a name for the file, place the filename in quotes
(i.e. "<filename>hello.php</filename>"). Alternately, you can click on the
'Text Documents' drop-down menu in the save dialog box and change the setting
(i.e. "<filename>hello.php</filename>"). Alternatively, you can click on the
'Text Documents' drop-down menu in the 'Save' dialog box and change the setting
to "All Files". You can then enter your filename without quotes.
</para>
</note>
@ -189,14 +189,14 @@
sends as part of the HTTP request. This information is stored in a <link
linkend="language.variables">variable</link>. Variables always start
with a dollar-sign in PHP. The variable we are interested in right now
is <varname>$_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"]</varname>.
is <varname>$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']</varname>.
</para>
<note>
<para>
<link linkend="reserved.variables.server">$_SERVER</link> is a
special reserved PHP variable that contains all web server information.
It is known as an autoglobal (or superglobal). See the related manual page on
<link linkend="language.variables.superglobals">autoglobals</link>
<link linkend="language.variables.superglobals">superglobals</link>
for more information. These special variables were introduced in PHP
<ulink url="&url.php.release4.1.0;">4.1.0</ulink>. Before this time, we used
the older <varname>$HTTP_*_VARS</varname> arrays instead,
@ -213,7 +213,7 @@
<title>Printing a variable (Array element)</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php echo $_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"]; ?>
<?php echo $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']; ?>
]]>
</programlisting>
<para>
@ -231,8 +231,8 @@ Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0)
Arrays can be very useful.
</para>
<para>
<varname>$_SERVER</varname> is just one variable that is automatically
made available to you by PHP. A list can be seen in the
<varname>$_SERVER</varname> is just one variable that PHP automatically
makes available to you. A list can be seen in the
<link linkend="reserved.variables">Reserved Variables</link> section
of the manual or you can get a complete list of them by creating
a file that looks like this:
@ -265,8 +265,8 @@ Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0)
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
if (strpos($_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"], "MSIE") !== false) {
echo "You are using Internet Explorer<br />";
if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'MSIE') !== false) {
echo 'You are using Internet Explorer<br />';
}
?>
]]>
@ -295,8 +295,8 @@ You are using Internet Explorer<br />
The second concept we introduced was the <function>strpos</function>
function call. <function>strpos</function> is a function built into
PHP which searches a string for another string. In this case we are
looking for <literal>"MSIE"</literal> (so-called needle) inside
<varname>$_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"]</varname> (so-called haystack). If
looking for <literal>'MSIE'</literal> (so-called needle) inside
<varname>$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']</varname> (so-called haystack). If
the needle is found inside the haystack, the function returns the position
of the needle relative to the start of the haystack. Otherwise, it
returns &false;. If it does not return &false;, the <link
@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ You are using Internet Explorer<br />
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
if (strpos($_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"], "MSIE") !== false) {
if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'MSIE') !== false) {
?>
<h3>strpos must have returned non-false</h3>
<center><b>You are using Internet Explorer</b></center>
@ -386,15 +386,15 @@ if (strpos($_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"], "MSIE") !== false) {
There is nothing special about this form. It is a straight HTML form
with no special tags of any kind. When the user fills in this form
and hits the submit button, the <filename>action.php</filename> page
is called. In this file you would have something like this:
is called. In this file you would write something like this:
</para>
<para>
<example>
<title>Printing data from our form</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
Hi <?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?>.
You are <?php echo $_POST["age"]; ?> years old.
Hi <?php echo $_POST['name']; ?>.
You are <?php echo $_POST['age']; ?> years old.
]]>
</programlisting>
<para>
@ -402,17 +402,16 @@ You are <?php echo $_POST["age"]; ?> years old.
</para>
<screen role="html">
<![CDATA[
Hi Joe.
You are 22 years old.
Hi Joe. You are 22 years old.
]]>
</screen>
</example>
</para>
<para>
It should be obvious what this does. There is nothing more to it.
The <varname>$_POST["name"]</varname> and <varname>$_POST["age"]</varname>
The <varname>$_POST['name']</varname> and <varname>$_POST['age']</varname>
variables are automatically set for you by PHP. Earlier we
used the <varname>$_SERVER</varname> autoglobal, now above we just
used the <varname>$_SERVER</varname> autoglobal; above we just
introduced the <link linkend="reserved.variables.post">$_POST</link>
autoglobal which contains all POST data. Notice how the
<emphasis>method</emphasis> of our form is POST. If we used the
@ -449,7 +448,7 @@ You are 22 years old.
<varname>$_FILES</varname>, <varname>$_ENV</varname>,
<varname>$_REQUEST</varname>, and <varname>$_SESSION</varname>. The
older <varname>$HTTP_*_VARS</varname> arrays, such as
<varname>$HTTP_POST_VARS</varname>, still exist and have since PHP 3.
<varname>$HTTP_POST_VARS</varname>, still exist as they have since PHP 3.
&avail.register-long-arrays;
</simpara>
@ -463,7 +462,7 @@ You are 22 years old.
<emphasis>off</emphasis> by default in &php.ini;. The preferred
method of accessing these values is via the autoglobal arrays mentioned
above. Older scripts, books, and tutorials may rely on this
directive being on. If on, for example, one could use
directive being on. If it were on, for example, one could use
<varname>$id</varname> from the URL
<literal>http://www.example.com/foo.php?id=42</literal>. Whether on
or off, <varname>$_GET['id']</varname> is available.